Some fields without a Nobel prize have instituted prizes of their own, most of which are not as well-known: the Léonie Sonning Music Prize, the Polar Music Prize, the Fields Medal in mathematics; also the Abel Prize in mathematics, presented by the King of Norway, the Pritzker Prize in architecture, the Turing Award in computing, the Wollaston Medal in geology, the Templeton Prize in religion, and the Schock Prizes in logic and philosophy ...

See also:

Nobel Prize, Nobel Prize - Prize categories, Nobel Prize - The prizes and the ceremony, Nobel Prize - Nobel's Will, Nobel Prize - The nomination and selection process, Nobel Prize - Criticism of the prize, Nobel Prize - Lack of a mathematics prize, Nobel Prize - Other prizes

Read more here: » Nobel Prize: Encyclopedia II - Nobel Prize - Other prizes

As a child his ambition was to play football for his beloved Manchester United, but he found himself to be a much better actor than he was a footballer, and inspired by television dramas such as Boys from the Blackstuff, he took to acting as his profession. He trained at the Central School of Speech and Drama and first came to public attention as Derek Bentley in the 1991 film Let Him Have It, based on true events. However, it was a regular role in the TV series Cracker (1993–94) — culminating in his character's dramatic death in the second series ...

See also:

Christopher Eccleston, Christopher Eccleston - Biography, Christopher Eccleston - Doctor Who, Christopher Eccleston - After the Doctor, Christopher Eccleston - Filmography, Christopher Eccleston - Television, Christopher Eccleston - Radio and Narration, Christopher Eccleston - Theatre, Christopher Eccleston - Selected Awards and Nominations, Christopher Eccleston - Film & Television, Christopher Eccleston - Notes/Trivia

Read more here: » Christopher Eccleston: Encyclopedia II - Christopher Eccleston - Biography

Foster was born to Lucius Foster and Brandy Almond in Los Angeles, California, where she attended an exclusive prep school, the Lycée Français de Los Angeles, before going on to Yale University, where she earned a B.A. in literature, graduating magna cum laude in 1985. Foster has made more than 100 appearances in film and television since the age of five. She began her career at age two in a television commercial as the Coppertone Girl. She debuted as a television actress in a 1969 episode of Mayberry R.F.D., and in fi ...

See also:

Jodie Foster, Jodie Foster - Life and career, Jodie Foster - Filmography, Jodie Foster - Awards

Read more here: » Jodie Foster: Encyclopedia II - Jodie Foster - Life and career

Brandy entertainer - Early career. When Brandy was 14, she was able to land a record deal with Atlantic Records, and in 1994 her first album, Brandy, was released, reaching gold status in less than two months, and quadruple platinum status soon after. The album contained the popular singles "I Wanna Be Down," "Baby," "Best Friend," "Brokenhearted," and made her an MTV star throughout 1995 and into early 1996. Awards started to come soon after. In the fall of 1995 she attended the Billboard Music Awards tak ...

See also:

Brandy entertainer, Brandy entertainer - Early career, Brandy entertainer - Music career, Brandy entertainer - Early career, Brandy entertainer - Never Say Never 1998, Brandy entertainer - Interim, Brandy entertainer - Full Moon 2002, Brandy entertainer - Afrodisiac 2004, Brandy entertainer - Voice, Brandy entertainer - Discography, Brandy entertainer - Albums, Brandy entertainer - Singles, Brandy entertainer - Guest appearances, Brandy entertainer - Album appearances, Brandy entertainer - Soundtrack appearances, Brandy entertainer - Acting career, Brandy entertainer - Filmography, Brandy entertainer - Television Work, Brandy entertainer - Other information

Read more here: » Brandy entertainer: Encyclopedia II - Brandy entertainer - Music career

Star Trek: Deep Space Nine - Music. On June 30, 1993, between seasons one and two, DS9 followed other Treks in releasing the original score from its pilot episode, "Emissary," on CD. The title theme was also made available as a CD single, although not in wide circulation. Another compilation entitled "Warped" was also released later in the series' run. Several episodes received awards for their scores, such as "Our Man Bashir," which received an Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Score. However, as with other post ...

See also:

Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine - About the show, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine - Cast, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine - Main characters, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine - Recurring characters, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine - Plots, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine - Themes, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine - Awards and distinctions, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine - Controversy, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine - Taboos, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine - Multimedia, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine - Music, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine - VHS and DVD releases, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine - Books, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine - Games, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine - Other merchandising

Read more here: » Star Trek: Deep Space Nine: Encyclopedia II - Star Trek: Deep Space Nine - Multimedia

India is a large country where many languages are spoken. Each of the larger languages supports its own film industry: Urdu/Hindi, Bengali, Kannada, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam. The Hindi/Urdu film industry, based in Mumbai, formerly Bombay, is called Bollywood (a melding of Hollywood and Bombay). The Tamil film industry, is based in the Kodambakkam area of Chennai, South India. Similar neologisms to Bollywood have been coined for the Kannada (Karnataka State) film industry (Sandalwood) based on Karnataka being known for Sandalwood, and ...

See also:

Cinema of India, Cinema of India - Regional film industries, Cinema of India - Genre conventions of commercial films, Cinema of India - Indian art cinema, Cinema of India - Indian cinema meets Hollywood, Cinema of India - National film award, Cinema of India - Facts on Indian cinema

Read more here: » Cinema of India: Encyclopedia II - Cinema of India - Regional film industries

The parents of Alice Mary Norton were Adalbert Freely Norton, owner of a rug company, and Bertha Stemm. She began writing at the Collinwood High School in Cleveland, under the tutelage of Miss Sylvia Cochrane. She was the editor of a literary page in the school's paper for which she wrote short stories. During this time she wrote her first book—Ralestone Luck, which would eventually find its way to publication as her second novel in 1938, the first ...

See also:

Andre Norton, Andre Norton - Biography, Andre Norton - Books, Andre Norton - Witch World series, Andre Norton - Book of the Oak, Andre Norton - Free Traders, Andre Norton - Murdoc Jern, Andre Norton - Crosstime, Andre Norton - Time Traders, Andre Norton - Janus, Andre Norton - Lorens Van Norreys, Andre Norton - The Magic Sequence, Andre Norton - Star Ka'at, Andre Norton - Forerunner, Andre Norton - Solar Queen, Andre Norton - The Halfblood Chronicles, Andre Norton - Hosteen Storm, Andre Norton - Astra, Andre Norton - Westerns

Read more here: » Andre Norton: Encyclopedia II - Andre Norton - Biography

Dumbo - Production. The film was designed as a economical feature, to help generate income for the Disney studio after the financial failures of both Pinocchio and Fantasia in 1940. Storymen Dick Huemer and Joe Grant were the primary figures in developing the plot, based upon a manuscript written by Helen Aberson and Harold Perl for a children's book. When the film went into production in early 1941, supervising director Ben Sharpsteen was given orders to keep the film simple and inexpensive. ...

See also:

Dumbo, Dumbo - Story, Dumbo - History, Dumbo - Production, Dumbo - Release and reaction, Dumbo - Re-release schedule home video and beyond, Dumbo - Dumbo theatrical release history, Dumbo - Titles in different languages, Dumbo - Trivia, Dumbo - Voice cast, Dumbo - Dumbo's Circus, Dumbo - A Sequel

Read more here: » Dumbo: Encyclopedia II - Dumbo - History

Possibly due to the controversial subject matter, the movie was heavily edited. Groundbreaking on account of its sympathetic depiction of an occupation thought dishonorable and indecent by most Americans, the film has been described as featuring "a prostitute with a heart of gold". The original script painted Vivian as hypersexual and a heavy drug user. These traits, detrimental to the otherwise sympathetic portrayal of her, were removed or incorporated into the character of Vivian's friend, Kit. These "cut scenes" have been found in ...

See also:

Pretty Woman, Pretty Woman - Overview, Pretty Woman - Music, Pretty Woman - Trivia, Pretty Woman - Primary cast, Pretty Woman - Themes, Pretty Woman - Awards

Read more here: » Pretty Woman: Encyclopedia II - Pretty Woman - Trivia

August Wilson (April 27, 1945 – October 2, 2005) was a Pulitzer Prize-winning American playwright. His singular achievement and literary legacy is a cycle of ten plays, each set in a different decade, depicting the comedy and tragedy of the African-American experience in the 20th century. August Wilson - Biography. Born Frederick August Kittel in Pittsburgh's Hill District, fourth of six children of Frederick Kittel, an immigrant German baker who seldom spent time with his family, and Daisy Wilson ...

Including:

• August Wilson - Biography
• August Wilson - Literary works
• August Wilson - The Pittsburgh Cycle
• August Wilson - Awards and tributes

Read more here: » August Wilson: Encyclopedia - August Wilson

Although the suffering caused by the building of the Burma Railway and its bridges is true, the incidents in the film are entirely fictional. The real senior Allied officer at the bridge was Lieutenant-Colonel Philip Toosey, who was a remarkable officer. The film is thought by many to be an insulting parody of a great man. Former prisoners have said that it is unlikely that a man like the fictional Nicholson could have risen to the rank of lieutenant-colonel. If he had, they said that he ...

See also:

The Bridge on the River Kwai, The Bridge on the River Kwai - Fiction versus fact, The Bridge on the River Kwai - Famous quotes from the film, The Bridge on the River Kwai - Primary cast:, The Bridge on the River Kwai - Awards

Read more here: » The Bridge on the River Kwai: Encyclopedia II - The Bridge on the River Kwai - Fiction versus fact

See also: 1997 in literature, other events of 1998, 1999 in literature, list of years in literature. 1998 in literature - Events. November 18 - Alice McDermott wins the National Book Award with her novel Charming Billy. Following the death of Poet Laureate Ted Hughes, there is a gap of several months before a successor is appointed. 1998 in literature - New books. About a Boy - Nick Hornby African Exploits - Roy Ma ...

Including:

• 1998 in literature - Events
• 1998 in literature - New books
• 1998 in literature - Births
• 1998 in literature - Deaths
• 1998 in literature - Awards

Read more here: » 1998 in literature: Encyclopedia - 1998 in literature

Woody Allen - Early films. His first movie production was What's New, Pussycat? in 1965, for which he wrote the screenplay. It was a largely unpleasant experience for Allen as he was trapped in Paris for six months during the production. Furthermore, the studio never showed much respect for his script, altering the film to the point where it bore little resemblance to Allen's original vision. Allen's first directorial effort was What's Up, Tiger Lily? (1966), in which an existing Japanese spy movie ...

See also:

Woody Allen, Woody Allen - Early years, Woody Allen - Education, Woody Allen - Early career, Woody Allen - Film career, Woody Allen - Early films, Woody Allen - 1960s and 1970s, Woody Allen - 1980s, Woody Allen - 1990s, Woody Allen - 2000s, Woody Allen - Famous actors in his movies, Woody Allen - Awards, Woody Allen - Personal life, Woody Allen - Early marriages, Woody Allen - Relationship with Diane Keaton, Woody Allen - Relationship with Mia Farrow, Woody Allen - Affair with Farrow's adopted daughter Soon-Yi Previn, Woody Allen - Accusations of sexual abuse of daughter Dylan, Woody Allen - Marriage to Soon-Yi Previn, Woody Allen - 2002 Academy Awards, Woody Allen - Musical career, Woody Allen - Bibliography, Woody Allen - Books on Woody Allen

Read more here: » Woody Allen: Encyclopedia II - Woody Allen - Film career

Humphrey Bogart plays Rick Blaine, the owner of an upscale cafe/bar/gambling den in the Moroccan city of Casablanca which attracts a mixed clientele of Vichy French and Nazi officials, refugees and thieves. Rick is a bitter and cynical man, but still displays a clear dislike for the fascist part of his clientele. The plot begins when a petty crook, Guillermo Ugarte (Peter Lorre), arrives in Rick's club with "letters of transit". The papers are signed by a French General (the pronunciation is muffled, it may be General Charles de Gaull ...

See also:

Casablanca film, Casablanca film - Plot, Casablanca film - Production, Casablanca film - Writing, Casablanca film - Direction, Casablanca film - Cinematography, Casablanca film - Music, Casablanca film - Reception, Casablanca film - Sequels, Casablanca film - Cast, Casablanca film - Myths, Casablanca film - Errors, Casablanca film - Criticism, Casablanca film - Awards, Casablanca film - Quotes

Read more here: » Casablanca film: Encyclopedia II - Casablanca film - Plot

Allen studied the clarinet since adolescence. When he changed his name for show business, he took his first name from an idol, famed clarinettist Woody Herman. He has performed publicly at least since the late 1960s, notably with the Preservation Hall Jazz Band on the soundtrack of Sleeper. "Woody Allen and his New Orleans Jazz Band" plays every Monday evening at Manhattan's Carlyle Hotel, specializing in classic New Orleans jazz from the early twentieth century. The documentary film Wild Man Blues (directed by Barbara Kopple) documents a 1996 European tour by Allen and his b ...

See also:

Woody Allen, Woody Allen - Early years, Woody Allen - Education, Woody Allen - Early career, Woody Allen - Film career, Woody Allen - Early films, Woody Allen - 1960s and 1970s, Woody Allen - 1980s, Woody Allen - 1990s, Woody Allen - 2000s, Woody Allen - Famous actors in his movies, Woody Allen - Awards, Woody Allen - Personal life, Woody Allen - Early marriages, Woody Allen - Relationship with Diane Keaton, Woody Allen - Relationship with Mia Farrow, Woody Allen - Affair with Farrow's adopted daughter Soon-Yi Previn, Woody Allen - Accusations of sexual abuse of daughter Dylan, Woody Allen - Marriage to Soon-Yi Previn, Woody Allen - 2002 Academy Awards, Woody Allen - Musical career, Woody Allen - Bibliography, Woody Allen - Books on Woody Allen

Read more here: » Woody Allen: Encyclopedia II - Woody Allen - Musical career

List of people from Nebraska - Film/Theater. Adele Astaire (1897-1981), dancer and entertainer Fred Astaire (1899-1987), dancer and actor John Beasley (1943 -), actor Ward Bond (1903-1960), actor Marlon Brando (1924-2004), Academy Award winning actor Montgomery Clift (1920-1966), actor James Coburn (1928-2002), actor Sandy Dennis (1937-1992), actress David Doyle (1929-1997), actor Henry Fonda (1905-1982), Academy Award winning ...

See also:

List of people from Nebraska, List of people from Nebraska - Native Americans, List of people from Nebraska - Public Office, List of people from Nebraska - Military/War, List of people from Nebraska - Entertainment, List of people from Nebraska - Film/Theater, List of people from Nebraska - Comedians/Humorists, List of people from Nebraska - Televison/Radio, List of people from Nebraska - Music, List of people from Nebraska - Art/Literature/Journalism, List of people from Nebraska - Business, List of people from Nebraska - Science/Medicine, List of people from Nebraska - Athletics, List of people from Nebraska - Other

Read more here: » List of people from Nebraska: Encyclopedia II - List of people from Nebraska - Entertainment

Dreamgirls - Original Broadway production. The original Broadway production of Dreamgirls starred Jennifer Holliday as Effie White, Sheryl Lee Ralph as Deena Jones, Loretta Devine as Lorrell Robinson, Ben Harney as Curtis Taylor, Jr., Cleavant Derricks as James "Thunder" Early, and Obba Babatunde as C. C. White. Dreamgirls proved to be a star-making vehicle for several of its performers, particularly Holliday, whose performance ...

See also:

Dreamgirls, Dreamgirls - Synopsis, Dreamgirls - History, Dreamgirls - Original Broadway production, Dreamgirls - The Dreams and The Supremes, Dreamgirls - 2006 feature film, Dreamgirls - Original Broadway production Tony awards and nominations, Dreamgirls - Awards, Dreamgirls - Nominations, Dreamgirls - External link

Read more here: » Dreamgirls: Encyclopedia II - Dreamgirls - History

Claude Elwood Shannon (April 30, 1916 – February 24, 2001), an American electrical engineer and mathematician, has been called "the father of information theory", and was the founder of practical digital circuit design theory. Claude Elwood Shannon - Biography. Shannon was born in Gaylord, Michigan and was a distant relative of Thomas Edison. While growing up, he worked as a messenger for Western Union. In 1932, Shannon entered the University of Michigan, where he eventually took a course that intr ...

Including:

• Claude Elwood Shannon - Biography
• Claude Elwood Shannon - Shannon's computer chess program
• Claude Elwood Shannon - Awards and honors

Read more here: » Claude Elwood Shannon: Encyclopedia - Claude Elwood Shannon

The Sudler Trophy is an award bestowed by the John Philip Sousa Foundation on one university marching band each year. No school may win the award twice. The official description of the trophy is: The purpose of the Sudler Trophy is to identify and recognize collegiate marching bands of particular excellence who have made outstanding contributions to the American way of life. The Sudler Trophy is awarded annually to a college or university marching band which has demonstrated the highest musical standards and innovative marching routin ...

See also:

Marching band, Marching band - Types of marching band, Marching band - History, Marching band - Personnel and instrumentation, Marching band - Auxiliary groups, Marching band - Performance elements, Marching band - Music, Marching band - March steps, Marching band - Uniforms, Marching band - Parade marching, Marching band - Field marching, Marching band - Rehearsals, Marching band - Competitions, Marching band - The Sudler Trophy

Read more here: » Marching band: Encyclopedia II - Marching band - The Sudler Trophy

Homer works as a safety inspector at the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant, in Sector 7G, although "working" in this case refers largely to dozing and eating doughnuts. He spends a great deal of his time at Moe's Tavern with his lifelong friends Barney, Carl, Lenny, and bartender Moe. At home he is often to be found sitting on the sofa mindlessly watching TV while snacking on comfort foods and drinking cans of Duff Beer. Homer Simpson popularized the annoyed grunt "D'oh!" (made memorable through Dan Castellaneta's distinctive voi ...

See also:

Homer Simpson, Homer Simpson - Overview, Homer Simpson - Family, Homer Simpson - Age, Homer Simpson - Address, Homer Simpson - Personality, Homer Simpson - Health issues, Homer Simpson - Mental acuity, Homer Simpson - Diet, Homer Simpson - Enemies, Homer Simpson - Sexuality, Homer Simpson - Name, Homer Simpson - PIN, Homer Simpson - Religion, Homer Simpson - Rap Sheet, Homer Simpson - Pulling a Homer, Homer Simpson - Musical Predilection, Homer Simpson - Fears, Homer Simpson - Past jobs, Homer Simpson - Awards & honors

Read more here: » Homer Simpson: Encyclopedia II - Homer Simpson - Overview

Julia Stiles - Television career. Stiles began her acting career in television roles. After two appearances as the computer punk "Erica" on the PBS series Ghostwriter in 1993 and 1994, she appeared as a guest star on the medical drama Chicago Hope. She has been seen in two made-for-TV movies: in Before Women Had Wings (1997) on CBS, she played opposite Ellen Burstyn and Oprah Winfrey in an adaptation of the novel by Connie May Fowler; and she played a teenage girl who finds herself pregnant a ...

See also:

Julia Stiles, Julia Stiles - Personal life, Julia Stiles - Career, Julia Stiles - Television career, Julia Stiles - Film career, Julia Stiles - Other work, Julia Stiles - Filmography

Read more here: » Julia Stiles: Encyclopedia II - Julia Stiles - Career