City status in the United Kingdom

City status in the United Kingdom is granted by the British monarch to a select group of communities. The status does not apply automatically on the basis of any particular criteria, although it was traditionally given to towns with diocesan cathedrals. This association between having a cathedral and being called a city was established in the early 1540s when Henry VIII founded dioceses (and therefore cathedrals) in six English towns and also granted them all city status by issuing Letters Patent. City status is confe ...

Including:

• City status in the United Kingdom - City status
• City status in the United Kingdom - List of cities
• City status in the United Kingdom - Cities now in the Republic of Ireland
• City status in the United Kingdom - City councils
• City status in the United Kingdom - City applications
• City status in the United Kingdom - Cathedral towns
• City status in the United Kingdom - Large towns

Read more here: » City status in the United Kingdom: Encyclopedia - City status in the United Kingdom

Charters originated as charters of incorporation, allowing a town to become an incorporated borough, or to hold markets. Some of these charters recognised officially that the town involved was a city. Apart from recognition, it became accepted that such a charter could make a town into a city. The earliest examples of these are Hereford and Worcester, both of which date their city status to 1189. Until the 16th century, a town was invariably recognised as a city by the Crown if it had a diocesan cathedral within its limits. This has l ...

See also:

City status in the United Kingdom, City status in the United Kingdom - City status, City status in the United Kingdom - List of cities, City status in the United Kingdom - Cities now in the Republic of Ireland, City status in the United Kingdom - City councils, City status in the United Kingdom - City applications, City status in the United Kingdom - Cathedral towns, City status in the United Kingdom - Large towns

Read more here: » City status in the United Kingdom: Encyclopedia II - City status in the United Kingdom - City status

Town privileges were important features of European towns during most of the second millennium. Judicially, a town was distinguished from the surrounding land by means of a charter from the ruling monarch that defined its privileges and laws. The most common privileges was that of trade and the establishment of guilds. Some degree of self-government, representation in a diet, and tax-relief could also be granted. See also. Magdeburg rights City status in the United Kingdom ...

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City rights are a medieval phenomenon in the history of the Low Countries. City rights, which were granted by a liegelord, usually acount, duke or similar member of high nobillity, gave settlements certain privileges that settlements without city rights did not have. To stimulate the establishment of cities, landlords started to grant privileges to settlements around the year A.D. 1000. The total package of these privileges are the city rights. City rights turned settlements into interesting locations for merchants. This ...

Including:

• City rights in the Netherlands - City rights
• City rights in the Netherlands - Granting of city rights chronologically

Read more here: » City rights in the Netherlands: Encyclopedia - City rights in the Netherlands

The populations given are the Statistics New Zealand usually resident population estimates for 30 June 2005. Many cities were reorganised into districts by the Local Government Commission in 1989 under the Local Government Act 1974, for example, Timaru. The most recently proclaimed city is Tauranga, which became a city, for the second time, from 1 March 2004. Another former city is Rotorua. Some present cities, such as Christchurch (1862 and 1868) and ...

See also:

List of cities in New Zealand, List of cities in New Zealand - How the term city is used in New Zealand, List of cities in New Zealand - Places informally known as cities, List of cities in New Zealand - City Councils, List of cities in New Zealand - Cities during provincialism 1852 to 1876, List of cities in New Zealand - Cities 1877 to 1989

Read more here: » List of cities in New Zealand: Encyclopedia II - List of cities in New Zealand - City Councils

Of the 66 Cities in the United Kingdom, the City of London is among the 30 that have Lord Mayors (or, in Scotland, Lord Provosts). The Lord Mayor is entitled to the style The Right Honourable; the same privilege extends only to the Lord Mayors of Bristol, York, Cardiff and Belfast, and to the Lord Provosts of Edinburgh and Glasgow. The style, however, is used when referring to the office as opposed to the holder thereof; thus, "The Rt Hon. The Lord Mayor of London" would be correct, while "The Rt Hon. John Smith" would be inc ...

See also:

Lord Mayor of London, Lord Mayor of London - Titles and honours, Lord Mayor of London - History, Lord Mayor of London - Election, Lord Mayor of London - Lord Mayor's Show, Lord Mayor of London - Role, Lord Mayor of London - Rights and privileges

Read more here: » Lord Mayor of London: Encyclopedia II - Lord Mayor of London - Titles and honours

The physical geography of the UK varies greatly. It includes the chalk cliffs of Kent and Dorset, the rolling hills and fields of southeast England, the granite cliffs of Cornwall, the mountains of Wales, the uplands of the Peak District and the Pennines, the lakes and mountains of Cumbria, the Scottish lowlands, highlands and islands, and the fields, lakes and mountains of Northern Ireland. The country can be roughly divided into highland and lowland along the Tees-Exe line. The overall geomorphology of the UK was shaped by the comb ...

See also:

Geography of the United Kingdom, Geography of the United Kingdom - Physical geography, Geography of the United Kingdom - Geology, Geography of the United Kingdom - Mountains and hills, Geography of the United Kingdom - Rivers and lakes, Geography of the United Kingdom - Artificial waterways, Geography of the United Kingdom - Coastline, Geography of the United Kingdom - Islands, Geography of the United Kingdom - Climate, Geography of the United Kingdom - Human geography, Geography of the United Kingdom - Political geography, Geography of the United Kingdom - Demographics, Geography of the United Kingdom - Economic geography, Geography of the United Kingdom - Natural resources, Geography of the United Kingdom - Environment, Geography of the United Kingdom - Current issues, Geography of the United Kingdom - International agreements

Read more here: » Geography of the United Kingdom: Encyclopedia II - Geography of the United Kingdom - Physical geography

The populations given are the Statistics New Zealand usually resident population estimates for 30 June 2005 and refer to the population of the main urban area unless otherwise stated. Table shows cities from north to south: Notes: The population figure for Hamilton refers to the Hamilton Urban Zone only. The outlying areas of Te Awamutu and Cambridge are not generally considered part of Hamilton and are excluded from the figure. The total population of all three zones is 185,000. The population figures for Napier ...

See also:

List of cities in New Zealand, List of cities in New Zealand - How the term city is used in New Zealand, List of cities in New Zealand - Places informally known as cities, List of cities in New Zealand - City Councils, List of cities in New Zealand - Cities during provincialism 1852 to 1876, List of cities in New Zealand - Cities 1877 to 1989

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Wales (Welsh: Cymru; pronounced IPA: /ˈkəmɹi/, approximately "CUM-ree") is one of the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom. Wales is located in the south-west of Great Britain and is bordered by Cheshire, Shropshire, Herefordshire and Gloucestershire to the east, the Bristol Channel to the south, St George's Channel ...

Including:

• Wales - Origin of Name
• Wales - History
• Wales - Politics
• Wales - Law
• Wales - Geography
• Wales - Subdivisions
• Wales - Economy
• Wales - Demographics
• Wales - Language
• Wales - Religion
• Wales - Culture
• Wales - Food
• Wales - Music
• Wales - Sport
• Wales - Media
• Wales - National symbols
• Wales - Photos of Wales
• Wales - Notable Welsh people

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After the local government reforms of 1989, the term "city" began to take on two meanings in New Zealand. Before 1989, a borough council with more than 20,000 people could be proclaimed a city. The boundaries of councils tended to follow the edge of the built-up area, so little distinction was made between the urban area and the local government area. In 1989 the local government structure was significantly rationalised. The new district and city councils were generally much larger and covered both urban and rural land. M ...

See also:

List of cities in New Zealand, List of cities in New Zealand - How the term city is used in New Zealand, List of cities in New Zealand - Places informally known as cities, List of cities in New Zealand - City Councils, List of cities in New Zealand - Cities during provincialism 1852 to 1876, List of cities in New Zealand - Cities 1877 to 1989

Read more here: » List of cities in New Zealand: Encyclopedia II - List of cities in New Zealand - How the term city is used in New Zealand

2There is also a variant for use in Scotland, see Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom for details. 3 The Royal motto used in Scotland is Nemo Me Impune Lacessit (Latin for "No-one provokes me with impunity"). 4 Not official. 5Officially recognised languages, in Wales: Welsh; and in Scotland: Scottish Gaelic since 2005 Act. Norman French is also used for occasional items of official business. 6 Formed as United Kingdom of Great Britain ...

Including:

• United Kingdom - History
• United Kingdom - Government and politics
• United Kingdom - Subdivisions
• United Kingdom - Military
• United Kingdom - Geography
• United Kingdom - Economy
• United Kingdom - Society
• United Kingdom - Demographics
• United Kingdom - Culture
• United Kingdom - Sport
• United Kingdom - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » United Kingdom: Encyclopedia - United Kingdom

1. In common with the rest of the UK. 2. No official anthem. God Save the Queen is traditionally the UK national anthem. See national symbols below. Scotland (Alba in Gaelic) is a nation in northwest Europe and a constituent country of the United Kingdom. The country occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain and shares a land border to the south with England and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the ...

Including:

• Scotland - Etymology
• Scotland - History
• Scotland - Politics
• Scotland - Law
• Scotland - Subdivisions
• Scotland - Geography
• Scotland - Climate
• Scotland - Economy
• Scotland - Demographics
• Scotland - Language
• Scotland - Religion
• Scotland - Education
• Scotland - Culture
• Scotland - Music
• Scotland - Literature
• Scotland - Sport
• Scotland - Media
• Scotland - National symbols
• Scotland - Gallery of Images

Read more here: » Scotland: Encyclopedia - Scotland

A city is an urban area that is differentiated from a town, village, or hamlet by size, population density, importance, or legal status. City - Introduction. In most parts of the world, cities are generally substantial and nearly always have an urban core, but in the United States many incorporated areas which have a very modest population, or a suburban or even mostly rural character, are designated as cities. City can also be a synonym for "downtown" or a "city centre". A city usually consis ...

Including:

• City - Introduction
• City - The difference between towns and cities
• City - Geography
• City - History of cities
• City - Modern conceptions
• City - Traditional approach
• City - Shortcomings
• City - Modern approach
• City - Global cities
• City - Environmental effects
• City - Inner city
• City - Lists
• City - Miscellaneous

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The Lord Mayor is a member of the City of London's governing body, the Corporation of London (incorporated as The Mayor and Commonalty and Citizens of the City of London). The Corporation comprises the Court of Aldermen and the Court of Common Council; the former includes only the Aldermen, while the latter includes both Aldermen and Common Councilmen. The Lord Mayor is a member of and presides over both bodies. The role of the Lord Mayor is primarily ceremonial, rather than political. He hosts visiting foreign dignitari ...

See also:

Lord Mayor of London, Lord Mayor of London - Titles and honours, Lord Mayor of London - History, Lord Mayor of London - Election, Lord Mayor of London - Lord Mayor's Show, Lord Mayor of London - Role, Lord Mayor of London - Rights and privileges

Read more here: » Lord Mayor of London: Encyclopedia II - Lord Mayor of London - Role

See main article on the Lord Mayor's Show On the day after being sworn in, the Lord Mayor participates in a procession from the City of London to the Royal Courts of Justice in the City of Westminster, where the Lord Mayor swears his allegiance to the Crown. This procession is known as the "Lord Mayor's Show" and is one of the longest established and best known annual events in London. The Lord Mayor travels in a State Coach that was built in 1757 at a cost of £1,065.0s.3d. (over £120,000 in modern terms). In its modern form ...

See also:

Lord Mayor of London, Lord Mayor of London - Titles and honours, Lord Mayor of London - History, Lord Mayor of London - Election, Lord Mayor of London - Lord Mayor's Show, Lord Mayor of London - Role, Lord Mayor of London - Rights and privileges

Read more here: » Lord Mayor of London: Encyclopedia II - Lord Mayor of London - Lord Mayor's Show

The office was instituted in 1189; the first holder of the office was Henry Fitz-Ailwyn. The mayor of the City of London has been elected by the City, rather than appointed by the Sovereign, since a Royal Charter providing for the same was issued by John in 1215. The title "Lord Mayor" came to be used after 1354, when it was granted to Thomas Legge (then serving his second of two terms) by King Edward III. Lord Mayors are elected for one-year terms; by custom, they do not serve more than once. Numerous individuals have served multiple ...

See also:

Lord Mayor of London, Lord Mayor of London - Titles and honours, Lord Mayor of London - History, Lord Mayor of London - Election, Lord Mayor of London - Lord Mayor's Show, Lord Mayor of London - Role, Lord Mayor of London - Rights and privileges

Read more here: » Lord Mayor of London: Encyclopedia II - Lord Mayor of London - History

Geography of the United Kingdom - Current issues. The United Kingdom is reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It has met Kyoto Protocol target of a 12.5 % reduction from 1990 levels and intends to meet the legally binding target of a 20 % cut in emissions by 2010. By 2005, the government aims to reduce the amount of industrial and commercial waste disposed of in landfill sites to 85 % of 1998 levels and to recycle or compost at least 25 % of household waste, increasing to 33 % by 2015. Between 1998-99 and 1999-2000, household recycling increased from 8.8 % to 10.3 %. Geo ...

See also:

Geography of the United Kingdom, Geography of the United Kingdom - Physical geography, Geography of the United Kingdom - Geology, Geography of the United Kingdom - Mountains and hills, Geography of the United Kingdom - Rivers and lakes, Geography of the United Kingdom - Artificial waterways, Geography of the United Kingdom - Coastline, Geography of the United Kingdom - Islands, Geography of the United Kingdom - Climate, Geography of the United Kingdom - Human geography, Geography of the United Kingdom - Political geography, Geography of the United Kingdom - Demographics, Geography of the United Kingdom - Economic geography, Geography of the United Kingdom - Natural resources, Geography of the United Kingdom - Environment, Geography of the United Kingdom - Current issues, Geography of the United Kingdom - International agreements

Read more here: » Geography of the United Kingdom: Encyclopedia II - Geography of the United Kingdom - Environment

The Lord Mayor is elected by Common Hall, a body of representatives of the City's Livery Companies. Common Hall is summoned by the sitting Lord Mayor; it meets at Guildhall on Michaelmas Day (29 September) or on the closest weekday. Voting is by show of hands; if, however, any liveryman so demands, balloting is held a fortnight later. Since 1385, prior service as Sheriff has been mandatory for election to the Lord Mayoralty. Two Sheriffs are selected annually by Common Hall, which meets on Midsummer's Day for the purpose. By an ordina ...

See also:

Lord Mayor of London, Lord Mayor of London - Titles and honours, Lord Mayor of London - History, Lord Mayor of London - Election, Lord Mayor of London - Lord Mayor's Show, Lord Mayor of London - Role, Lord Mayor of London - Rights and privileges

Read more here: » Lord Mayor of London: Encyclopedia II - Lord Mayor of London - Election

The residence of the Lord Mayor is known as Mansion House. The creation of the residence was considered after the Great Fire of London (1666), but construction did not commence until 1739. It was first occupied by a Lord Mayor in 1752, when Sir Crispin Gascoigne took up his residence in it. It is sometimes asserted that the Lord Mayor may exclude the Sovereign from the City of London. The legend is based on the misinterpretation of the ceremony observed each time the Sovereign enters the City. At Temple Bar the Lord Mayor presents the ...

See also:

Lord Mayor of London, Lord Mayor of London - Titles and honours, Lord Mayor of London - History, Lord Mayor of London - Election, Lord Mayor of London - Lord Mayor's Show, Lord Mayor of London - Role, Lord Mayor of London - Rights and privileges

Read more here: » Lord Mayor of London: Encyclopedia II - Lord Mayor of London - Rights and privileges

Main article: Economy of the United Kingdom Historically, much of the United Kingdom was forested. Since prehistoric times, man has deforested much of the United Kingdom. Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanised, and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of food needs with only 1% of the labour force. It contributes around 2% of GDP. Around two thirds of production is devoted to livestock, one third to arable crops. In 1993, it was estimated that land use was: arable land: 25 % ...

See also:

Geography of the United Kingdom, Geography of the United Kingdom - Physical geography, Geography of the United Kingdom - Geology, Geography of the United Kingdom - Mountains and hills, Geography of the United Kingdom - Rivers and lakes, Geography of the United Kingdom - Artificial waterways, Geography of the United Kingdom - Coastline, Geography of the United Kingdom - Islands, Geography of the United Kingdom - Climate, Geography of the United Kingdom - Human geography, Geography of the United Kingdom - Political geography, Geography of the United Kingdom - Demographics, Geography of the United Kingdom - Economic geography, Geography of the United Kingdom - Natural resources, Geography of the United Kingdom - Environment, Geography of the United Kingdom - Current issues, Geography of the United Kingdom - International agreements

Read more here: » Geography of the United Kingdom: Encyclopedia II - Geography of the United Kingdom - Natural resources