Patchouli (also patchouly or pachouli) is both a plant and an essential oil (patchouli oil) obtained from the leaves of that plant. The scent of patchouli is heavy and strong, and some people find it offensive. It has been used for centuries in perfumes, and is grown in the East and West Indies. The word derives from the Tamil patchai (green), ellai (leaf). Patchouli oil and incense underwent a surge in popularity in the 1960s and 1970s, mostly among devotees of the free love and hippie lifestyles. In addition, it c ...

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Ylang-ylang is the flower of the cananga tree. The tree attains and average height of 12 meters, grows in full or partial sun, and preferres the acidic soils of this native rainforest habitat. The leaves are long, smooth and glossy. The flower is greenish yellow or pink, resembling curly starfish, and yields a highly fragrant essential oil. The word derives from the Tagalog plant name ilang-ilang, which means "flower of flowers" and all ...

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The germ is the "heart" of the cereal kernel, the embryo of the seed, and a concentrated source of several essential nutrients including Vitamin E, folate (folic acid), phosphorus, thiamin, zinc and magnesium. Along with bran, germ is often a by-product of the milling that produces refined grain products. Wheat germ, rice germ, maize germ, and others may be used to extract vegetable oil or directly as a food-making ingredient. The ger ...

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A carminative, also known as carminativum (plural: carminativa), is a medicinal drug with antispasmodic activity that is used against cramps of the digestive tract in combination with flatulence. They are often mixtures of essential oils and herbal spices with a tradition in folk medicine for this use. Often used ingredients are: Anise seed Asafoetida Basil Calamus Caraway Cardamom Coriander Dill Fennel Ginger Lemon balm Marjoram Nutmeg Onion Oregano ...

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The smoke from burning essential oils may contain potential carcinogens, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Essential oils are naturally high in volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The internal use of essential oils should be fully avoided during pregnancy without consulting with a licensed professional, as some can be abortifacients in dose 0.5–10 ml. Toxical data: LD50 of most EO or their main componen ...

See also:

Essential oil, Essential oil - Production, Essential oil - Perfumery, Essential oil - Aromatherapy, Essential oil - Popular uses, Essential oil - Dangers, Essential oil - Raw Materials

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Cadinene is the trivial chemical name of a number of isomeric hydrocarbons that occur in a wide variety of essential oil-producing plants. The name is derived from that of the Cade juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus L.), the wood of which yields an oil from which cadinene isomers were first isolated. Chemically, the cadinenes are bicyclic sesquiterpenes. The term “cadinene” has sometimes been used in a broad sense to refer to any sesquiterpene with the so-called cadalane (4-isopropyl-1,6-dimethyldecahydronaphthalene) carbo ...

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Aromatherapy, commonly associated with complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), is the use of volatile liquid plant materials, known as essential oils (EOs), and other aromatic compounds from plants to affect someone's mood or health. The word was coined in the 1920s by French chemist René Maurice Gattefossé. The main branches of aromatherapy include: Home aromatherapy (self treatment, perfume & cosmetic use) Clinical aromatherapy (as part of pharmacology and pharmacotherapy) Aromachology (the psycho ...

Including:

• Aromatherapy - Materials
• Aromatherapy - Theory
• Aromatherapy - Application
• Aromatherapy - Therapeutic effects
• Aromatherapy - Criticism

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The essential oil is obtained by the steam distillation of ground nutmeg and is used heavily in the perfumery and pharmaceutical industries. The oil is colorless or light yellow and smells and tastes of nutmeg. It contains numerous components of interest to the oleochemical industry, and is used as a natural food flavouring in baked goods, syrups (e.g. Coca Cola), beverages, sweets etc. It replaces ground nutmeg as it leaves no particles in the food. The essential oil is also used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries for instance in ...

See also:

Nutmeg, Nutmeg - Culinary uses, Nutmeg - Essential oils, Nutmeg - Nutmeg butter, Nutmeg - History, Nutmeg - World production, Nutmeg - Risks and toxicity

Read more here: » Nutmeg: Encyclopedia II - Nutmeg - Essential oils

Nutmeg and mace have similar taste qualities, nutmeg having a slightly sweeter and mace a more delicate flavor. Mace is often preferred in light-coloured dishes for the bright orange, saffron-like colour it imparts. In Indian cuisine, nutmeg is used almost exclusively in sweets. In European cuisine, nutmeg and mace are used especially in potato dishes and in processed meat products; they are also used in soups, sauces and baked goods. Japanese varieties of curry ...

See also:

Nutmeg, Nutmeg - Culinary uses, Nutmeg - Essential oils, Nutmeg - Nutmeg butter, Nutmeg - History, Nutmeg - World production, Nutmeg - Risks and toxicity

Read more here: » Nutmeg: Encyclopedia II - Nutmeg - Culinary uses

There is some evidence that Roman priests may have burned nutmeg as a form of incense, although this is disputed. It is known to have been used as a prized and costly spice in the Middle Ages. Saint Theodore the Studite was famous for allowing his monks to sprinkle nutmeg on their pease pudding when required to eat it. In Elizabethan times it was believed that nutmeg could ward off the plague, so nutmeg was very popular. Nutmeg was traded by Arabs during the Middle Ages in ...

See also:

Nutmeg, Nutmeg - Culinary uses, Nutmeg - Essential oils, Nutmeg - Nutmeg butter, Nutmeg - History, Nutmeg - World production, Nutmeg - Risks and toxicity

Read more here: » Nutmeg: Encyclopedia II - Nutmeg - History

World production of nutmegs is estimated to average between 10,000 and 12,000 tonnes per year with annual world demand estimated at 9,000 tonnes; production of mace is estimated at 1,500 to 2,000 tonnes. Indonesia and Grenada dominate production and exports of both products with a world market share of 75% and 20% respectively. Other producers include India, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka and Caribbean islands such as St. Vincent. The principal import markets are the European Community, the United States, Japan and India. Singapore ...

See also:

Nutmeg, Nutmeg - Culinary uses, Nutmeg - Essential oils, Nutmeg - Nutmeg butter, Nutmeg - History, Nutmeg - World production, Nutmeg - Risks and toxicity

Read more here: » Nutmeg: Encyclopedia II - Nutmeg - World production

In low doses, nutmeg produces no noticeable effect on the mind or body. Large doses of 7.5 g or more are dangerous, potentially producing convulsions, palpitations, nausea, eventual dehydration, and generalized body pain. In amounts of 10 g or more it is a mild to medium hallucinogen, producing visual distortions and a mild euphoria similar to that derived from Marijuana. However, use of nutmeg as a recreational drug is unpopular, due to the potential painful physical side effects, the risk of Nutmeg Psychosis (see below) and the inconventie ...

See also:

Nutmeg, Nutmeg - Culinary uses, Nutmeg - Essential oils, Nutmeg - Nutmeg butter, Nutmeg - History, Nutmeg - World production, Nutmeg - Risks and toxicity

Read more here: » Nutmeg: Encyclopedia II - Nutmeg - Risks and toxicity

In low doses, nutmeg produces no noticeable effect on the mind or body. Large doses of 7.5 g or more are dangerous, potentially producing convulsions, palpitations, nausea, eventual dehydration, and generalized body pain. In amounts of 10 g or more it is a mild to medium hallucinogen, producing visual distortions and a mild euphoria similar to that derived from Marijuana. However, use of nutmeg as a recreational drug is unpopular, due to the potential painful physical side effects, the risk of Nutmeg Psychosis (see below) and the inconvenien ...

See also:

Nutmeg, Nutmeg - Culinary uses, Nutmeg - Essential oils, Nutmeg - Nutmeg butter, Nutmeg - History, Nutmeg - World production, Nutmeg - Risks and toxicity

Read more here: » Nutmeg: Encyclopedia II - Nutmeg - Risks and toxicity

A 1992 paper by biochemist William E.M. Lands[2] provides an overview of the research into omega-3 fatty acids, and is the basis of this section. The 'essential' fatty acids were given their name when researchers found that they were essential to normal growth in young children and animals. (Note that the modern definition of 'essential' is more strict.) A small amount of omega-3 in the diet (~1% of total calories) enabled normal growth, ...

See also:

Omega-3 fatty acid, Omega-3 fatty acid - Biological significance, Omega-3 fatty acid - Chemistry, Omega-3 fatty acid - Consumption, Omega-3 fatty acid - Health effects of omega-3 fatty acids, Omega-3 fatty acid - Known and suspected risks of omega-3 fatty acids, Omega-3 fatty acid - Dietary sources of omega-3, Omega-3 fatty acid - Useful sources of omega-3, Omega-3 fatty acid - Oils with little impact on omega-3 to omega-6 balance, Omega-3 fatty acid - Sources which promote an imbalance between omega-3 and omega-6, Omega-3 fatty acid - Notes and references

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Omega-3 fatty acid - Useful sources of omega-3. The scientific literature points to two omega-3 fatty acids that are especially critical to human health: the long (20 carbon) chain eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and the 22 carbon chain docosahexanoic acid (DHA). The best known source of these omega-3 essential fatty acids (EFA's) is fish oil from cold water fatty fish such as salmon, herring, mackerel, anchovies and sardines which contain large amounts of omega-3, and have a profile of around seven tim ...

See also:

Omega-3 fatty acid, Omega-3 fatty acid - Biological significance, Omega-3 fatty acid - Chemistry, Omega-3 fatty acid - Consumption, Omega-3 fatty acid - Health effects of omega-3 fatty acids, Omega-3 fatty acid - Known and suspected risks of omega-3 fatty acids, Omega-3 fatty acid - Dietary sources of omega-3, Omega-3 fatty acid - Useful sources of omega-3, Omega-3 fatty acid - Oils with little impact on omega-3 to omega-6 balance, Omega-3 fatty acid - Sources which promote an imbalance between omega-3 and omega-6, Omega-3 fatty acid - Notes and references

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Externally, the oil is used for rheumatic pain and, like clove oil, can be applied as an emergency treatment to dull toothache. In France, it is given in drop doses in honey for digestive upsets and used for bad breath. Put 1-2 drops on a cotton swab, and apply to the gums around an aching tooth until dental treatment can be obtained. Use 3-5 drops on a sugar lump or in a teaspoon of honey for nausea, gastroe ...

See also:

Nutmeg oil, Nutmeg oil - General uses, Nutmeg oil - External uses

Read more here: » Nutmeg oil: Encyclopedia II - Nutmeg oil - External uses

Some of the food sources of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are fish and shellfish, flaxseed (linseed), soya oil, canola (rapeseed) oil, hemp oil, chia seeds, pumpkin seeds, leafy vegetables, and walnuts. Essential fatty acids play a part in many metabolic processes, and there is evidence to suggest that low levels of essential fatty acids, or the wrong balance of types among the essential f ...

See also:

Essential fatty acid, Essential fatty acid - Examples, Essential fatty acid - Food sources

Read more here: » Essential fatty acid: Encyclopedia II - Essential fatty acid - Food sources

One of the earliest documented historical uses of olive oil is in religious ceremonies of the ancient Minoans. Olive oil was a central product of the Minoan civilization, where it is thought to have represented wealth. The Minoans put the pulp into settling tanks and, when the oil had risen to the top, drained the water from the bottom. It was also very common in the cuisine of Ancient Greece and classical Rome. According to legend, the city of Athens obtained its name because Athenians considered olive oil more essential than water, thus preferring the offering of ...

See also:

Olive oil, Olive oil - Grades and classification, Olive oil - Classifying production, Olive oil - Grades on retail labels, Olive oil - Label wording, Olive oil - The market, Olive oil - Global olive oil market, Olive oil - Olive oil extraction, Olive oil - Health claims, Olive oil - Olive oil in history, Olive oil - Olive oil in contemporary religious use

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essential oil: Essential oils are created by distillation; plant material is heated, and the molecules that evaporate into steam are captured. These oils are mixed, blended in a base of vegetable oil, and rubbed onto the body or added to ritual baths for magical purposes.

Also See: essential oils

(See also: essential oil, Magic, Shamanism, Paganism, Wicca)

essential oils

Fluid extracted from botanical sources and preserved in pure form. Some are poisonous when taken internally, and many report irritations when applied directly to the skin. Used in Aromatherapy, usually in blends diluted with basic carrier oils.

(See also: Essential oils, Body Mind and Soul)

The isomer called α(alpha)-linolenic acid (n-3) (ALA), an Omega-3 fatty acid, is essential for all mammals. Particularly rich food sources are chia and flaxseed. It is also found in various oils namely mustard oil, flaxseed oil,canola (rapeseed) oil, soybean oil, pumpkin seed oil, perilla seed oil, and walnut oil.. Various studies have shown that Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)is related to lower risk of Cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanism of this is still unclear. It is postulated that either ALA after conversion to longer cha ...

See also:

Linolenic acid, Linolenic acid - Alpha -- α-linolenic acid n-3, Linolenic acid - Gamma -- γ-linolenic acid n-6

Read more here: » Linolenic acid: Encyclopedia II - Linolenic acid - Alpha -- α-linolenic acid n-3