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Junker | A Wisdom Archive on Junker | | Junker A selection of articles related to Junker | |
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Junker | | | |  Junker: Encyclopedia II - Paul von Hindenburg - Aftermath of the warAfter the end of the war, von Hindenburg again retired from the military in 1918, and announced his intention to retire from public life. In 1919, Hindenburg was called before a Reichstag Commission that was investigating the responsibility for both the outbreak of war in 1914 and for the defeat in 1918. Hindenburg had not wanted to appear before the commission, and had been subpoenaed. The appearance of Hindenburg before the commission was an eagerly waited public event. Ludendorff, who had fallen out with Hindenburg over the decision to co ...
See also:Paul von Hindenburg, Paul von Hindenburg - German army, Paul von Hindenburg - Aftermath of the war, Paul von Hindenburg - Presidency, Paul von Hindenburg - January 1932-January 1933: A Year of Decisions, Paul von Hindenburg - The Machtergreifung, Paul von Hindenburg - Conclusion, Paul von Hindenburg - Endnotes, Paul von Hindenburg - Sources Read more here: » Paul von Hindenburg: Encyclopedia II - Paul von Hindenburg - Aftermath of the war |
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| | | | | Junker: Encyclopedia II - Weimar Republic - The Republic crumbles and Hitler's support rises 1930-1932
Weimar Republic - Loss of credibility for the Republic.
The last years of the Weimar republic were stamped by even more political instability than in the previous years and the administrations of Chancellors Brüning, Papen, Schleicher and Hitler (from 30 January to 23 March 1933) were all Presidentially appointed Dictatorships. On March 29, 1930, the finance expert Heinrich Brüning had been appointed the successor of Chancellor Müller by Paul von Hindenburg after months of political lobbying by General Kurt vo ...
See also:Weimar Republic, Weimar Republic - Controlled revolution: the establishment of the Republic 1918-1919, Weimar Republic - The Reichswehr and the Revolution, Weimar Republic - The socialist roots of Weimar, Weimar Republic - The early years: internal conflict 1919-1923, Weimar Republic - Stresemann's Golden Era 1923-1929, Weimar Republic - The Republic crumbles and Hitler's support rises 1930-1932, Weimar Republic - Loss of credibility for the Republic, Weimar Republic - Franz von Papen calls for elections, Weimar Republic - November and 'Socialist General' Schleicher, Weimar Republic - Hitler's chancellorship and the death of the Weimar Republic 1933, Weimar Republic - Reichstag Fire, Weimar Republic - Reichstag election of March 5, Weimar Republic - Hitler cabinet meeting in mid-March, Weimar Republic - Enabling Act negotiations, Weimar Republic - Ceremonial opening of the Reichstag in Potsdam on March 21, Weimar Republic - Passage of the Enabling Act by the Reichstag on March 23, Weimar Republic - Aftermath, Weimar Republic - Reasons for the Weimar Republic's failure, Weimar Republic - Economic problems, Weimar Republic - Institutional problems, Weimar Republic - Individual roles, Weimar Republic - Other roles, Weimar Republic - Reference Read more here: » Weimar Republic: Encyclopedia II - Weimar Republic - The Republic crumbles and Hitler's support rises 1930-1932 |
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| | | | | Junker: Encyclopedia II - Weimar Republic - Reasons for the Weimar Republic's failure The Weimar Republic's catastrophic collapse is the subject of continued debate. Although Hitler became Reichskanzler legally through mechanisms set forth in the constitution and the NSDAP gained a relative majority of the seats in Parliament in two 1932 elections, he was appointed chancellor at a time when support for the NSDAP was not considered sufficient to gain power. Scholars have expressed divided opinions on the reasons and historical analysis this was complicated by the Cold War, when historians often attempted to justify ideo ...
See also:Weimar Republic, Weimar Republic - Controlled revolution: the establishment of the Republic 1918-1919, Weimar Republic - The Reichswehr and the Revolution, Weimar Republic - The socialist roots of Weimar, Weimar Republic - The early years: internal conflict 1919-1923, Weimar Republic - Stresemann's Golden Era 1923-1929, Weimar Republic - The Republic crumbles and Hitler's support rises 1930-1932, Weimar Republic - Loss of credibility for the Republic, Weimar Republic - Franz von Papen calls for elections, Weimar Republic - November and 'Socialist General' Schleicher, Weimar Republic - Hitler's chancellorship and the death of the Weimar Republic 1933, Weimar Republic - Reichstag Fire, Weimar Republic - Reichstag election of March 5, Weimar Republic - Hitler cabinet meeting in mid-March, Weimar Republic - Enabling Act negotiations, Weimar Republic - Ceremonial opening of the Reichstag in Potsdam on March 21, Weimar Republic - Passage of the Enabling Act by the Reichstag on March 23, Weimar Republic - Aftermath, Weimar Republic - Reasons for the Weimar Republic's failure, Weimar Republic - Economic problems, Weimar Republic - Institutional problems, Weimar Republic - Individual roles, Weimar Republic - Other roles, Weimar Republic - Reference Read more here: » Weimar Republic: Encyclopedia II - Weimar Republic - Reasons for the Weimar Republic's failure |
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| | | | | Junker: Encyclopedia II - Weimar Republic - Other roles Writers John Cornwell and Ian Kershaw are amongst the modern commentators who have studied the role of Ludwig Kaas and his alliance to Pope Pius XII.
As regards the Rhenish-Westphalian Industrial Magnates and Franz von Papen, the Nuremburg Trials studied the era from January 30 1933, and came to the conclusion that it would not be an indictable offence to have assisted Adolf Hitler and the NSDAP to power.
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See also:Weimar Republic, Weimar Republic - Controlled revolution: the establishment of the Republic 1918-1919, Weimar Republic - The Reichswehr and the Revolution, Weimar Republic - The socialist roots of Weimar, Weimar Republic - The early years: internal conflict 1919-1923, Weimar Republic - Stresemann's Golden Era 1923-1929, Weimar Republic - The Republic crumbles and Hitler's support rises 1930-1932, Weimar Republic - Loss of credibility for the Republic, Weimar Republic - Franz von Papen calls for elections, Weimar Republic - November and 'Socialist General' Schleicher, Weimar Republic - Hitler's chancellorship and the death of the Weimar Republic 1933, Weimar Republic - Reichstag Fire, Weimar Republic - Reichstag election of March 5, Weimar Republic - Hitler cabinet meeting in mid-March, Weimar Republic - Enabling Act negotiations, Weimar Republic - Ceremonial opening of the Reichstag in Potsdam on March 21, Weimar Republic - Passage of the Enabling Act by the Reichstag on March 23, Weimar Republic - Aftermath, Weimar Republic - Reasons for the Weimar Republic's failure, Weimar Republic - Economic problems, Weimar Republic - Institutional problems, Weimar Republic - Individual roles, Weimar Republic - Other roles, Weimar Republic - Reference Read more here: » Weimar Republic: Encyclopedia II - Weimar Republic - Other roles |
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| | | | | Junker: Encyclopedia II - Weimar Republic - Stresemann's Golden Era 1923-1929 Gustav Stresemann was Reichskanzler for a brief period in 1923, and served as Foreign Minister from 1923-1929, a period of relative stability for the Weimar Republic when there were fewer uprisings and seemingly the beginnings of an economic recovery.
Stresemann's first move was to issue a new currency, the Rentenmark, to halt the extreme hyperinflation crippling German society and the economy. It was successful because Stresemann repeatedly refused to issue more currency, the initial cause of the inflationary spiral. To ...
See also:Weimar Republic, Weimar Republic - Controlled revolution: the establishment of the Republic 1918-1919, Weimar Republic - The Reichswehr and the Revolution, Weimar Republic - The socialist roots of Weimar, Weimar Republic - The early years: internal conflict 1919-1923, Weimar Republic - Stresemann's Golden Era 1923-1929, Weimar Republic - The Republic crumbles and Hitler's support rises 1930-1932, Weimar Republic - Loss of credibility for the Republic, Weimar Republic - Franz von Papen calls for elections, Weimar Republic - November and 'Socialist General' Schleicher, Weimar Republic - Hitler's chancellorship and the death of the Weimar Republic 1933, Weimar Republic - Reichstag Fire, Weimar Republic - Reichstag election of March 5, Weimar Republic - Hitler cabinet meeting in mid-March, Weimar Republic - Enabling Act negotiations, Weimar Republic - Ceremonial opening of the Reichstag in Potsdam on March 21, Weimar Republic - Passage of the Enabling Act by the Reichstag on March 23, Weimar Republic - Aftermath, Weimar Republic - Reasons for the Weimar Republic's failure, Weimar Republic - Economic problems, Weimar Republic - Institutional problems, Weimar Republic - Individual roles, Weimar Republic - Other roles, Weimar Republic - Reference Read more here: » Weimar Republic: Encyclopedia II - Weimar Republic - Stresemann's Golden Era 1923-1929 |
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| | | | | Junker: Encyclopedia II - Weimar Republic - The early years: internal conflict 1919-1923 The Republic was under great pressure from both left and right-wing extremists. The left accused the ruling Social Democrats of having betrayed the ideals of the workers' movement by avoiding a communist revolution. The right was opposed to any democratic system, preferring an authoritarian state like the 1871 Empire. To further undermine the Republic's credibility the right (especially the militar ...
See also:Weimar Republic, Weimar Republic - Controlled revolution: the establishment of the Republic 1918-1919, Weimar Republic - The Reichswehr and the Revolution, Weimar Republic - The socialist roots of Weimar, Weimar Republic - The early years: internal conflict 1919-1923, Weimar Republic - Stresemann's Golden Era 1923-1929, Weimar Republic - The Republic crumbles and Hitler's support rises 1930-1932, Weimar Republic - Loss of credibility for the Republic, Weimar Republic - Franz von Papen calls for elections, Weimar Republic - November and 'Socialist General' Schleicher, Weimar Republic - Hitler's chancellorship and the death of the Weimar Republic 1933, Weimar Republic - Reichstag Fire, Weimar Republic - Reichstag election of March 5, Weimar Republic - Hitler cabinet meeting in mid-March, Weimar Republic - Enabling Act negotiations, Weimar Republic - Ceremonial opening of the Reichstag in Potsdam on March 21, Weimar Republic - Passage of the Enabling Act by the Reichstag on March 23, Weimar Republic - Aftermath, Weimar Republic - Reasons for the Weimar Republic's failure, Weimar Republic - Economic problems, Weimar Republic - Institutional problems, Weimar Republic - Individual roles, Weimar Republic - Other roles, Weimar Republic - Reference Read more here: » Weimar Republic: Encyclopedia II - Weimar Republic - The early years: internal conflict 1919-1923 |
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| | | | | Junker: Encyclopedia II - Paul von Hindenburg - The Machtergreifung Hindenburg played a supporting but key role in the Nazi Machtergreifung (Seizure of Power) in 1933. In the "Government of National Concentration" headed by Hitler, the Nazis were in the minority. Besides Hitler, the only other Nazi ministers were Hermann Göring and Wilhelm Frick. Most of the other ministers were hold-overs from the von Papen and Schleicher governments, and the ones who were not, such as Alfred Hugenberg of the D.N.V.P., were not Nazis. This had the effect of assuring Hindenburg that the room for radical moves on the ...
See also:Paul von Hindenburg, Paul von Hindenburg - German army, Paul von Hindenburg - Aftermath of the war, Paul von Hindenburg - Presidency, Paul von Hindenburg - January 1932-January 1933: A Year of Decisions, Paul von Hindenburg - The Machtergreifung, Paul von Hindenburg - Conclusion, Paul von Hindenburg - Endnotes, Paul von Hindenburg - Sources Read more here: » Paul von Hindenburg: Encyclopedia II - Paul von Hindenburg - The Machtergreifung |
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| | | | | Junker: Encyclopedia II - Paul von Hindenburg - January 1932-January 1933: A Year of Decisions Although Hindenburg was now lapsing in and out of senility, he was persuaded to run for re-election in 1932, as the only candidate who could defeat Adolf Hitler. Hindenburg had wanted to leave office in 1932, but was urged by the Kamarilla to run again in order to keep Hitler out of office. Hindenburg reluctantly agreed to stay in office, but wanted to avoid an election. The only way this was possible was for the Reichstag to vote for an two-thirds majority to cancel the election. Since the Nazis were the second-largest party, ...
See also:Paul von Hindenburg, Paul von Hindenburg - German army, Paul von Hindenburg - Aftermath of the war, Paul von Hindenburg - Presidency, Paul von Hindenburg - January 1932-January 1933: A Year of Decisions, Paul von Hindenburg - The Machtergreifung, Paul von Hindenburg - Conclusion, Paul von Hindenburg - Endnotes, Paul von Hindenburg - Sources Read more here: » Paul von Hindenburg: Encyclopedia II - Paul von Hindenburg - January 1932-January 1933: A Year of Decisions |
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| | | | | Junker: Encyclopedia II - Paul von Hindenburg - Conclusion Hindenburg was buried in the Tannenberg memorial against the wishes he had expressed during his life. Hindenburg always said he wanted to buried next to his beloved wife. In 1945, German troops removed his and his wife's coffins, to save them from the approaching Soviets, to Marburg an der Lahn in Western Germany (Hindenburg was an Honorary Citizen of this town), where he was interred anew in the famous Saint Elizabeth Church in the North Tower Chapel. He still rests there, although the church chapter recently voted to keep the lights switch ...
See also:Paul von Hindenburg, Paul von Hindenburg - German army, Paul von Hindenburg - Aftermath of the war, Paul von Hindenburg - Presidency, Paul von Hindenburg - January 1932-January 1933: A Year of Decisions, Paul von Hindenburg - The Machtergreifung, Paul von Hindenburg - Conclusion, Paul von Hindenburg - Endnotes, Paul von Hindenburg - Sources Read more here: » Paul von Hindenburg: Encyclopedia II - Paul von Hindenburg - Conclusion |
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| | | | | Junker: Encyclopedia II - Paul von Hindenburg - Endnotes 1 Jäckel, Eberhard Hitler in History page 8.
2 Turner, Henry Hitler's Thirty Days to Power page 41.
3 Noakes, Jeremy & Pridham, Geoffrey (editors) Nazism 1919-1945 Volume 1 The Rise to Power 1919-1934 pages 104-105.
4 Jäckel, Eberhard Hitler in History page 8.
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See also:Paul von Hindenburg, Paul von Hindenburg - German army, Paul von Hindenburg - Aftermath of the war, Paul von Hindenburg - Presidency, Paul von Hindenburg - January 1932-January 1933: A Year of Decisions, Paul von Hindenburg - The Machtergreifung, Paul von Hindenburg - Conclusion, Paul von Hindenburg - Endnotes, Paul von Hindenburg - Sources Read more here: » Paul von Hindenburg: Encyclopedia II - Paul von Hindenburg - Endnotes |
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| | | | | Junker: Encyclopedia II - Junker - Bodenreform After the war, during the Bodenreform (soil reform) in the German Democratic Republic (GDR), all private property exceeding a certain area (i.e. all the land that used to belong to the Junkers) was seized and given to collectives of farmers. Now, after the German reunification, the Junkers are trying to get their former estates back. However, the treaties that West Germany (FGR) and the GDR had signed with the United States, the United Kingdom, France and the Soviet Union in the 1950s contained the rule that any decision made by any o ...
See also:Junker, Junker - Origins, Junker - Modern influences, Junker - Bodenreform, Junker - Bibliography Read more here: » Junker: Encyclopedia II - Junker - Bodenreform |
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