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Multics | A Wisdom Archive on Multics | | Multics A selection of articles related to Multics | |
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multics, Multics, Multics - Novel ideas, Multics - Overview, Multics - Project history, Multics - Retrospective observations, Fernando J. Corbató, leader of the project while M.I.T. was involved, Jerome H. Saltzer, Jack B. Dennis, Peter J. Denning, Robert M. Graham, Victor A. Vyssotsky
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Multics | | | |  Multics: Encyclopedia II - Mach kernel - DevelopmentMach was initially hosted as additional code written directly into the existing 4.2BSD kernel, allowing the team to work on the system long before it was complete. Work started with the already functional Accent IPC/port system, and moved on to the other key portions of the OS, tasks and threads and virtual memory. As portions were completed various parts of the BSD system were re-written to call into Mach, and a change t ...
See also:Mach kernel, Mach kernel - Traditional kernels, Mach kernel - Mach concepts, Mach kernel - Development, Mach kernel - Performance problems, Mach kernel - Potential solutions, Mach kernel - The Next Generation, Mach kernel - Operating systems based on Mach Read more here: » Mach kernel: Encyclopedia II - Mach kernel - Development |
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| | | | | Multics: Encyclopedia II - Mach kernel - Performance problems When Mach was first being seriously used in the 2.x versions, performance was slower than traditional kernels, perhaps as much as 25%. This cost was not considered particularly worrying, however, because the system was also offering multi-processor support and easy portability. Many felt this was an expected and acceptable cost to pay. In fact the system was hiding a serious performance problem, one that only became obvious when Mach 3 started to be widely used, and develop ...
See also:Mach kernel, Mach kernel - Traditional kernels, Mach kernel - Mach concepts, Mach kernel - Development, Mach kernel - Performance problems, Mach kernel - Potential solutions, Mach kernel - The Next Generation, Mach kernel - Operating systems based on Mach Read more here: » Mach kernel: Encyclopedia II - Mach kernel - Performance problems |
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| | | | | Multics: Encyclopedia II - Computer bus - Bus topology In a network, the master scheduler controls the data traffic. If data is to be transferred the requesting computer sends a message to the scheduler, which puts the request into a queue. The message contains an identification code which is broadcast to all nodes of the network. The scheduler works out priorities and notifies the receiver as soon as the bus is available.
The identified node takes the message and performs the data transfer between the two computers. Having completed the data transfer the bus becomes free f ...
See also:Computer bus, Computer bus - History, Computer bus - Description, Computer bus - Bus topology, Computer bus - Examples of internal computer buses, Computer bus - Parallel, Computer bus - Serial, Computer bus - Examples of external computer buses, Computer bus - Parallel, Computer bus - Serial, Computer bus - Proprietary, Computer bus - Examples of internal/external computer buses Read more here: » Computer bus: Encyclopedia II - Computer bus - Bus topology |
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| | | | | Multics: Encyclopedia II - Mach kernel - Traditional kernels The ultimate "classic" operating system is Unix, so any discussion of more modern systems must start with that one.
Unix was the culmination of many years of development towards modern systems. In the decade preceding Unix, computers had grown enormously in power - to the point where computer operators were looking for new ways to get people to use the spare time on their machines. One of the major developments during this era was time sharing, whereby a number of users would be given small slices of computer time in sequence, but at such a speed that it appeared they ...
See also:Mach kernel, Mach kernel - Traditional kernels, Mach kernel - Mach concepts, Mach kernel - Development, Mach kernel - Performance problems, Mach kernel - Potential solutions, Mach kernel - The Next Generation, Mach kernel - Operating systems based on Mach Read more here: » Mach kernel: Encyclopedia II - Mach kernel - Traditional kernels |
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| | | | | Multics: Encyclopedia II - Multics - Retrospective observations It is more than a little startling to realize that the permanently resident kernel of this powerful multi-processor mainframe computing utility, much derided in its day as being too large and too complex, was a mere 135 Kbytes of code. The first MIT GE-645 had 512K words of memory (2 Mbytes), so the kernel only used a moderate portion of Multics main memory.
Measured another way, the entire system, including not just the operating system, but also the complex PL/I compiler, user commands, and subroutine libraries, consisted of ...
See also:Multics, Multics - Overview, Multics - Novel ideas, Multics - Project history, Multics - Retrospective observations Read more here: » Multics: Encyclopedia II - Multics - Retrospective observations |
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| | | | | Multics: Encyclopedia II - Multics - Project history Multics was developed initially for the GE-645 mainframe, a 36-bit system; later, it was supported on the Honeywell 6180 series machines.
Bell Labs pulled out of the project in 1969; some of the people who had worked on it there went on to create the Unix system. Though superficially, UNIX shows the influence of Multics in many areas, down to the naming of commands. The design philosophy was quite different, however, focusing on keeping the system as small and as simplistic as possible, and thus correcting what was seen as the deficie ...
See also:Multics, Multics - Overview, Multics - Novel ideas, Multics - Project history, Multics - Retrospective observations Read more here: » Multics: Encyclopedia II - Multics - Project history |
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| | | | | Multics: Encyclopedia II - Multics - Overview Initial planning and development for Multics started in 1964. Originally it was a cooperative project led by MIT (with Fernando Corbató), along with General Electric and Bell Labs. Bell Labs dropped out in 1969, and in 1970 GE's computer business, including Multics, was taken over by Honeywell.
Multics was conceived as a commercial product for GE, and it did achieve that for Honeywell, although it was not a very successful one. However, it had a powerful impact in the computer field, due to its many novel and valuable ideas. Although it was much derided at the time by its critics [1], history has s ...
See also:Multics, Multics - Overview, Multics - Novel ideas, Multics - Project history, Multics - Retrospective observations Read more here: » Multics: Encyclopedia II - Multics - Overview |
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