The earliest Romanian character found in an anecdote is Păcală. His name is derived from a se păcăli ('to fool oneself') and, since this word cannot be found in any other related language, we can safely assume that he's part of pure Romanian humour. The Ottoman influence brought the Balkan spirit and with it other characters and situations. Nastratin Hogea of Anton Pann is a classical example of an urban tradesman. As Jewish people from Russia settled in the Romanian lands, two other characters joined Romanian humour: Iţic and Ştrul, a pair of cunning Jews, mainly ...

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Romanian humour, Romanian humour - Personages, Romanian humour - Ethnic jokes, Romanian humour - Regions of Romania, Romanian humour - Stereotypes, Romanian humour - Politics

Read more here: » Romanian humour: Encyclopedia II - Romanian humour - Personages

The Church of England comprises 44 dioceses, which include the two archdioceses of Canterbury and York; each archdiocese is led by an Archbishop, and each diocese by a Bishop. Two dioceses—the Diocese of Sodor and Man (the Isle of Man) and the Diocese of Gibraltar (Continental Europe)—lie outside Great Britain. The occupants of the five great sees — Canterbury, York, London, Durham and Winchester — are always spiritual peers and Lords of Parliament. Since their dioceses lie outside Great Britain, on the other hand, the Bishop ...

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Lord Spiritual, Lord Spiritual - Ranks and Titles, Lord Spiritual - Lords Spiritual as Peers, Lord Spiritual - The number of Lords Spiritual

Read more here: » Lord Spiritual: Encyclopedia II - Lord Spiritual - Ranks and Titles

In some parts of the world, spirits are believed to be able to possess humans and control their behaviour. ...

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Spiritual being, Spiritual being - Connections to other concepts, Spiritual being - Traits of a spiritual being, Spiritual being - Gods as spirits, Spiritual being - Spirits in Nature, Spiritual being - Supposed extensiveness of spiritual beings, Spiritual being - Spiritual possession

Read more here: » Spiritual being: Encyclopedia II - Spiritual being - Spiritual possession

Survival is often considered to be the overall goal of dark spirituality. Even in the physical, the survival of the individual is considered to be paramount. A process known as individuation is used to carry out the goal of survival beyond the death of the body. Individuation is the process of improving one's self spiritually to the point where the individual's consciousness survives death. This should not be confused with the psychological meaning for individuation. Some within the religion believe there is a reincarnation cycle that has to be overcome to accomplish individuation, while others believe one's spirit simply d ...

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Dark Spirituality, Dark Spirituality - Defining Dark Spirituality, Dark Spirituality - Spiritual Goal, Dark Spirituality - Morality, Dark Spirituality - Occult Beliefs

Read more here: » Dark Spirituality: Encyclopedia II - Dark Spirituality - Spiritual Goal

For most of Russian history, humour remained an expression of the human spirit. Under the ascetic dogmatism of the clergy in medieval times, human laughter was pagan and suspicious, and political satire was considered potentially dangerous under autocratic monarchies. Though independent political satire could be extremely dangerous during most of the Soviet period, the official satirical magazine Krokodil was given considerable license t ...

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Russian humour, Russian humour - Political satire, Russian humour - Jokes, Russian humour - Toasts, Russian humour - Chastushka, Russian humour - In Russia aka reverse jokes, Russian humour - Black humour, Russian humour - External link

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Like everywhere else, a good deal of jokes in Russia are based on puns. Of course, 95% of humour is lost in translation, but... (L) The genitive plural of a noun (used with a numeral to indicate five or more of something, as opposed to the dual, used for two, three, or four, see Russian nouns) is a rather unpredictable form of the Russian noun, and there are a handful of words which native speakers have trouble producing this form of (either due to rarity or an actual lexical gap). A common example of this is kocherga< ...

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Russian jokes, Russian jokes - Stereotypes, Russian jokes - Fixed characters, Russian jokes - New Russians, Russian jokes - Animals, Russian jokes - Drunkards, Russian jokes - Policemen, Russian jokes - Army NCOs, Russian jokes - Ethnic stereotypes, Russian jokes - Political jokes, Russian jokes - Early Soviet times, Russian jokes - Communism, Russian jokes - Gulag, Russian jokes - Armenian Radio, Russian jokes - Political figures, Russian jokes - KGB, Russian jokes - Everyday Soviet life, Russian jokes - Puns, Russian jokes - Eggs, Russian jokes - Religion, Russian jokes - Absurdity, Russian jokes - Black humour, Russian jokes - University students, Russian jokes - Abstract jokes, Russian jokes - Cowboy jokes, Russian jokes - Inner voice, Russian jokes - Jokes about the mentally ill, Russian jokes - Taboo vocabulary

Read more here: » Russian jokes: Encyclopedia II - Russian jokes - Puns

Spiritualism in its modern incarnation started in the mid-19th century in the United States, a syncretic adjunct of largely Christian population. It is often described as Christian due to an essentially Christian moral system, a perceived belief in the Judeo-Christian God and an afterlife similar to the concept of Heaven. Liturgical practices such as Sunday services and the singing of hymns are also evidence of a largely Christian influence. Traditional Spiritualists state that they are not necessarily Christians. While they view Jesus as a great teacher and likely a medium, they do not see belief in his teachings a ...

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Spiritualism, Spiritualism - Background, Spiritualism - Meditation, Spiritualism - Organizations, Spiritualism - Specific Religions and Thought Currents, Spiritualism - Theorists and Proponents, Spiritualism - Well-known Believers, Spiritualism - Critics and Exposers, Spiritualism - Exposed Frauds, Spiritualism - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Spiritualism: Encyclopedia II - Spiritualism - Background

Early in England's history, Lords Spiritual—including lesser clergymen such as abbots—outnumbered Lords Temporal. Between 1536 and 1540, however, Henry VIII dissolved the monasteries, thereby removing the seats of the abbots. For the first time, Lords Spiritual formed a minority in the House of Lords. The number of Spiritual peers has not increased significantly since the Dissolution of the Monasteries. Originally, all bishops could sit in the House of Lords, but following the Dissolution of the Monasteries, no new bishoprics were ...

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Lord Spiritual, Lord Spiritual - Ranks and Titles, Lord Spiritual - Lords Spiritual as Peers, Lord Spiritual - The number of Lords Spiritual

Read more here: » Lord Spiritual: Encyclopedia II - Lord Spiritual - The number of Lords Spiritual

Authorities differ on whether the Lords Spiritual are peers. Some contend that archbishops and diocesan bishops are peers during their tenures in the House of Lords, while others argue that only the Lords Temporal are peers. Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage, for example, unequivocally states, "Diocesan Bishops of England in the Lords are — peers of the kingdom." On the other hand, the Encyclopedia Britannica of 1911 sug ...

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Lord Spiritual, Lord Spiritual - Ranks and Titles, Lord Spiritual - Lords Spiritual as Peers, Lord Spiritual - The number of Lords Spiritual

Read more here: » Lord Spiritual: Encyclopedia II - Lord Spiritual - Lords Spiritual as Peers

Meditation is used to calm the "voices" of modern, hectic life so that the practitioner can better hear his or her guide. Meditation often includes the breathing practices of Buddist meditation (ānāpānasati) and may also include the idea of chakras. The Spiritualist may also focus on the tenets of their chosen religion to help them attain a higher existence. These may include standard prayers (Hail Mary, Shema Yisrael or Salah etc.), focusing on the name of God (Jesus, YHWH or All ...

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Spiritualism, Spiritualism - Background, Spiritualism - Meditation, Spiritualism - Organizations, Spiritualism - Specific Religions and Thought Currents, Spiritualism - Theorists and Proponents, Spiritualism - Well-known Believers, Spiritualism - Critics and Exposers, Spiritualism - Exposed Frauds, Spiritualism - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Spiritualism: Encyclopedia II - Spiritualism - Meditation

Modern Spiritualism first appeared in the 1840s in the Burned-Over District of upstate New York where earlier religious movements such as Millerism (Seventh Day Adventists) and Mormonism had emerged during the Second Great Awakening. It was an environment in which many people felt that direct communication with God or angels was possible, and in which many people felt uncomfortable with Calvinist notions that God would behave harshly--for example, that God would condemn unbaptized infant ...

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Spiritualism, Spiritualism - Origins, Spiritualism - Characteristic Beliefs, Spiritualism - Spiritualist Church, Spiritualism - Spiritism, Spiritualism - Critics, Spiritualism - Exposed frauds

Read more here: » Spiritualism: Encyclopedia II - Spiritualism - Origins

`Abdu'l-Bahá ordained Secondary, or National Spiritual Assemblies in his will. They are elected annually by a system of electoral delegation. He also specified that these National Spiritual Assemblies constituted the foundation of the Supreme, or Universal House of Justice. The members of each National Spiritual Assembly would constitute the electors of the Universal House of Justice when it was eventually brought into being. Some of the earliest National Spiritual Assemblies were The National Spiritual Assembly of the B ...

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Spiritual Assembly, Spiritual Assembly - Local Spiritual Assemblies, Spiritual Assembly - National Spiritual Assemblies, Spiritual Assembly - Article TODO

Read more here: » Spiritual Assembly: Encyclopedia II - Spiritual Assembly - National Spiritual Assemblies

Defining dark spirituality in the western world is difficult, because of its reliance on the individual to define their own spirituality. Dark spiritualists believe that each individual should be responsible for defining their own morality and spirituality. A person who goes to a God or authority figure to define their spirituality is often considered to be involved in light spirituality. This means even left hand religions can be considered a light spirituality if they worship some form of God or Goddess. For this reason even Theistic Satan ...

See also:

Dark Spirituality, Dark Spirituality - Defining Dark Spirituality, Dark Spirituality - Spiritual Goal, Dark Spirituality - Morality, Dark Spirituality - Occult Beliefs

Read more here: » Dark Spirituality: Encyclopedia II - Dark Spirituality - Defining Dark Spirituality

Due to its broad scope and individual nature, spirituality is perhaps better understood by highlighting a number of key concepts that arise for people when asked to describe what spirituality means to them. Research by Martsolf & Mickley (1998) highlighted the following areas as worthy of consideration: Meaning – significance of life; making sense of situations; deriving purpose. Values – beliefs, standards and ethics that are cherished. Transcendence – experience and appreciatio ...

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Spirituality, Spirituality - The spiritual and the religious, Spirituality - Directed spirituality, Spirituality - Spirituality and personal well-being, Spirituality - The Spiritual and Science, Spirituality - Spiritual traditions and communities

Read more here: » Spirituality: Encyclopedia II - Spirituality - Spirituality and personal well-being

Spiritualism

A movement that began in 1848 with the �raps� of the Fox Sisters (Kate and Margaret) in Hydesville, NY. Normally associated with mediums or channelers, who contact the spirits of the deceased .

(See also: Spiritualism, New Age Spirituality, Body Mind and Soul)

Spiritualism:

Religious doctrines that advocate communication between the living and the spirits of the dead using a medium as intermediary.

(See also: Spiritualism, Psychic, Psychic Dictionary, Parapsychology, Parapsychology Dictionary)

spiritualize

To energize, activate the chakras and consciousness

(See also: Spiritualize, Body Mind and Soul)

Spiritualism

A movement that began in 1848 with the “raps” of the Fox Sisters (Kate and Margaret) in Hydesville, NY. Normally associated with mediums or channelers, who contact the spirits of the deceased .

(See also: Spiritualism, New Age Spirituality, Body Mind and Soul)

spiritual

Having to do with the evolving soul. Distinguished from "religious" dogmas and teachings by following the promptings and personal teachings of the spirit within self

(See also: Spiritual, Body Mind and Soul)

Spiritualism

(American) Religion teaching life-after-death and spirit communication begun by Kate and Margaretta Fox in Hydesville, N.Y., mid 19th century

(See also: Spiritualism, Body Mind and Soul)

SPIRITUALISM: is the belief that the spirits (or 'dead' people) can talk to us in this dimension.

(See also: SPIRITUALISM, Witchcraft, Wicca, Paganism, Pagan Dictionary)

Spiritualism. In philosophy, the state or condition of mind opposed to materialism or a material conception of things. Theosophy, a doctrine which teaches that all which exists is animated or informed by the Universal Soul or Spirit, and that not an atom in our universe can be outside of this omnipresent Principle - is pure Spiritualism.

As to the belief that goes under that name, namely, belief in the constant communication of the living with the dead, whether through the mediumistic powers of oneself or a

so-called medium - it is no better than the materialisation of spirit, and the degradation of the human and the divine, souls. Believers in such communications are simply dishonouring the dead and performing constant sacrilege. It was well called "Necromancy" in days of old. But our modern Spiritualists take offence at being told this simple truth.

(See also: Spiritualism, Theosophy, Spirituality, Body mind and Soul, Spiritual Dictionary, )