Uppsala

The Codex Argenteus (or "Silver Bible") is a 6th century manuscript, originally containing bishop Ulfilas's 4th century translation of the bible into the Gothic language. Of the original 336 folia, 188 (including the Speyer fragment discovered in 1970) have been preserved, containing the translation of the greater part of the four gospels. A part of it is at permanent display at the Carolina Rediviva library in Uppsala, Sweden. Codex Argenteus - History. Codex Argenteus - Origin. Including:

• Codex Argenteus - History
• Codex Argenteus - Origin
• Codex Argenteus - Rediscovery
• Codex Argenteus - The Speyer fragment
• Codex Argenteus - Publications
• Codex Argenteus - Script and decoration
• Codex Argenteus - Reference

Read more here: » Codex Argenteus: Encyclopedia - Codex Argenteus

Carl Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné ▶ (help·info), and in English usually under the Latinized name Carolus Linnaeus (May 23, 1707 – January 10, 1778), the name with which his publications were signed, was a Swedish botanist and physician who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of taxonomy. He is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology (see History of ecology). Carolus Linnaeus - ...

Including:

• Carolus Linnaeus - Biography
• Carolus Linnaeus - Linnaean taxonomy
• Carolus Linnaeus - Students
• Carolus Linnaeus - Other accomplishments

Read more here: » Carolus Linnaeus: Encyclopedia - Carolus Linnaeus

Charles IX (Karl IX) (October 4, 1550 – October 30, 1611), was King of Sweden from 1604 until his death. He was the youngest son of Gustav Vasa and Margareta Leijonhufvud. By his father's will he got, by way of appanage, the Duchy of Södermanland, which included the provinces of Närke and Värmland; but he did not come into actual possession of them till after the fall of Eric XIV of Sweden in 1569. Charles IX of Sweden - Duke Charles. In 1568 he was the real leader of the rebellion against Eric, ...

Including:

• Charles IX of Sweden - Duke Charles
• Charles IX of Sweden - King Charles IX
• Charles IX of Sweden - Children

Read more here: » Charles IX of Sweden: Encyclopedia - Charles IX of Sweden

Walpurgis Night (Valborgsmässoafton in Swedish, Vappu in Finnish, Volbriöö in Estonian, Valpurģu nakts or Valpurģi in Latvian, Walpurgisnacht in German) is a holiday celebrated on April 30 or May 1, in Finland, Sweden, Estonia, Latvia and Germany. Walpurgis Night - Origins. The festival is named after Saint Walburga (known in Scandinavia as "Valborg"; alternative forms are "Walpurgis", "Wealdburg", or "Valderburger"), born in Wessex in 710 a niece of Saint Boni ...

Including:

• Walpurgis Night - Origins
• Walpurgis Night - Germany
• Walpurgis Night - Sweden and Finland
• Walpurgis Night - References in modern culture

Read more here: » Walpurgis Night: Encyclopedia - Walpurgis Night

A cathedral is a Christian church building, specifically of a denomination with an episcopal hierarchy, such as the Anglican, Roman Catholic and some Lutheran churches, which serves as the central church of a diocese, and thus as a bishop's seat. As cathedrals are often particularly impressive edifices, the term is sometimes also used loosely as a designation for any large important church. Some pre-Reformation cathedrals in Scotland now within the Church of Scotland still retain the term cathedral, despite the Church's ...

Including:

• Cathedral - Designation
• Cathedral - History and organization

Read more here: » Cathedral: Encyclopedia - Cathedral

Ulfilas or Wulfila (perhaps meaning "little wolf") (c. 310 - 383), bishop, missionary, and translator, was a Goth or half-Goth who had spent time inside the Byzantine Empire at a time when Arianism was dominant. Ulfilas was ordained a bishop by Eusebius of Nicomedia and returned to his people to work as a missionary. Ulfilas translated the Bible from Greek into the Gothic language. For this he established a Gothic alphabet writing system. Fragments have survived and are known as the Codex Argent ...

Read more here: » Ulfilas: Encyclopedia - Ulfilas

The earliest inscriptions in Old Norse are runic, from the 8th century (although there are 200 inscriptions in Proto-Norse going as far back as the 2nd century), and runes continued to be used for a thousand years. The main literary texts are in the Latin alphabet, the great sagas and eddas of medieval Iceland. As Proto-Norse evolved into Old Norse, in the 8th century, the effects of the umlauts varied geographically. The typical umlauts (for example fylla from *fullian) were stronger in the West whereas those resulting ...

See also:

Old Norse language, Old Norse language - Geographical distribution, Old Norse language - Modern descendants, Old Norse language - Sounds, Old Norse language - Vowels, Old Norse language - Consonants, Old Norse language - Orthography, Old Norse language - Dialects and texts, Old Norse language - Old West Norse, Old Norse language - Old East Norse, Old Norse language - Old Gutnish

Read more here: » Old Norse language: Encyclopedia II - Old Norse language - Dialects and texts

Similarly to the other of the earliest medieval universities (University of Bologna, University of Oxford, University of Coimbra, University of Salamanca), but in opposition to later ones (such as the University of Prague, University of Krakow or the University of Heidelberg), the University of Paris was never established through a specific foundation act, such as a royal charter or papal bull. It grew up in the latter part of the 12th century around the Notre Dame Cathedral as a corporation similar to other medieval corporations, such as gu ...

See also:

University of Paris, University of Paris - Origin and organization of the medieval university, University of Paris - The Collège de Sorbonne, University of Paris - Other colleges, University of Paris - Student revolt and reorganization, University of Paris - Present universities

Read more here: » University of Paris: Encyclopedia II - University of Paris - Origin and organization of the medieval university

Wolfgang Zaugg grew up in Vällingby, a working class suburb to Stockholm. As a child of German immigrants, he was bullied in his youth because of his black hair and dark complexion. As an adult, he dyed his hair blonde and legaly changed his name, first to John Wolfgang Alexander Stannerman, and later to John Ausonius to disguise his non-Swedish last name. He went to the German school in Stockholm, a private school, but dropped out before graduating. He later completed his secondary school education in an adult education programme and managed to get accepted to the Royal Institute of Technology, but dropped out after ...

See also:

John Ausonius, John Ausonius - History, John Ausonius - Media, John Ausonius - Trivia

Read more here: » John Ausonius: Encyclopedia II - John Ausonius - History

Like his elder brother, Johannes Magnus, he obtained several ecclesiastical preferments. Among them a canonry at Uppsala and Linköping, and the archdeaconry of Strängnäs. He was furthermore employed on various diplomatic services, such as a mission to Rome, on behalf of Gustav I of Sweden (Vasa), to procure the appointment of Johannes Magnus as archbishop of Uppsala. However, on the success of the reformation in Sweden his attachment to the Catholic church force ...

See also:

Olaus Magnus, Olaus Magnus - Biography, Olaus Magnus - Works

Read more here: » Olaus Magnus: Encyclopedia II - Olaus Magnus - Biography

Historians still debate the accuracy of the accounts of the Jomsvikings. Some maintain that the order was entirely legendary. The site of their headquarters has never been conclusively located, so confirming the tales of their exploits is somewhat difficult. There are conflicting accounts of the origin of the order. One version states that the Jomsvikings were founded by Harald Bluetooth after his exile from Denmark. According to this version, he taught seafaring skills to the local Wends and led them on piratical raids against his en ...

See also:

Jomsvikings, Jomsvikings - The Jomsviking code, Jomsvikings - History, Jomsvikings - Archaeological evidence, Jomsvikings - In Fiction, Jomsvikings - Primary sources, Jomsvikings - Sources, Jomsvikings - Resources

Read more here: » Jomsvikings: Encyclopedia II - Jomsvikings - History

Many sites in Scandinavia have yielded valuable information about early Scandinavian culture. The oldest extant cultural example are in the form of petroglyphs or helleristninger [1]. These are usually divided into two categories according to age: "hunting-glyphs" and "agricultural-glyphs". The hunting glyphs are the oldest (ca. 9,000 -- 6,000 B.C.) and are predominantly found in Northern Scandinavia (Jämtland, Nord-Trøndelag and Nordland). These finds seem to indicate an existence primarily based on hunting and fishing. Thes ...

See also:

Norse paganism, Norse paganism - Archaeological Sources, Norse paganism - Literary Sources, Norse paganism - Worship, Norse paganism - Centres of faith, Norse paganism - Priests, Norse paganism - Human sacrifice

Read more here: » Norse paganism: Encyclopedia II - Norse paganism - Archaeological Sources

Similarly to the other of the earliest medieval universities (University of Bologna, University of Oxford, University of Coimbra, University of Salamanca), but in opposition to later ones (such as the University of Prague or the University of Heidelberg), the University of Paris was never established through a specific foundation act, such as a royal charter or papal bull. It grew up in the latter part of the 12th century around the Notre Dame Cathedral as a corporation similar to other medieval corporations, such as guilds of merchants or a ...

See also:

University of Paris, University of Paris - Origin and early organization, University of Paris - The original schools, University of Paris - Organization in the Thirteenth century, University of Paris - The Rector, University of Paris - The four nations, University of Paris - Faculties, University of Paris - Colleges, University of Paris - Later history, University of Paris - Suppression of the colleges and establishment of the University of France, University of Paris - Student revolt and reorganization, University of Paris - Present universities

Read more here: » University of Paris: Encyclopedia II - University of Paris - Origin and early organization

There are two complementary approaches to ecumenism: dialogue and action. The Faith and Order Movement and Life and Work Movement represent these approaches [2]. These approaches are reflected in the work of the WCC in its commissions, these being: Commission of the Churches on Diakonia and Development Commission on Education and Ecumenical Formation Commission of the Churches on International Relations Commission on Justice, Peace and Creation Commission on World Mission and Eva ...

See also:

World Council of Churches, World Council of Churches - History, World Council of Churches - Previous Assemblies, World Council of Churches - Commissions and Teams, World Council of Churches - Diakonia and Development & International Relations Commissions, World Council of Churches - Faith and Order Commission, World Council of Churches - Justice Peace and Creation Commission, World Council of Churches - Special Commission on Orthodox Participation in the WCC, World Council of Churches - Controversy, World Council of Churches - Programme to Combat Racism during the 1970s, World Council of Churches - Successes, World Council of Churches - Regional/national councils

Read more here: » World Council of Churches: Encyclopedia II - World Council of Churches - Commissions and Teams

Johannes began a productive period in his life, which showed considerable learning. In Danzig, in 1605, his brethren among the Jesuits had informed the Swedish King Charles IX that Johannes had written a mocking poem on him. In order to convince everybody of his contempt for the Jesuits, he published two works. One was shorter and named Detecto Fraudis Jesuiticæ, in 1610, and a longer in Swedish named Retorsion och genswars skrifft emoot then lögn och skamlig dicht, ...

See also:

Johannes Messenius, Johannes Messenius - Childhood, Johannes Messenius - Seeking a position, Johannes Messenius - Back in Sweden, Johannes Messenius - Professorship, Johannes Messenius - Conflict, Johannes Messenius - Dramatist, Johannes Messenius - Imprisonment, Johannes Messenius - Source

Read more here: » Johannes Messenius: Encyclopedia II - Johannes Messenius - Professorship

Walpurgis is one of the main holidays during the year in both Sweden and Finland, alongside of Christmas and Midsummer. The forms of celebration in Sweden vary in different parts of the country and between different cities. One of the main traditions in Sweden is to light large bonfires, a custom which is most firmly established in Svealand, and which began in Uppland during the 18th century. An older tradition from Southern Sweden was for the younger people to collect greens and branches from the woods at twilight, which were used to adorn the houses of the village. ...

See also:

Walpurgis Night, Walpurgis Night - Origins, Walpurgis Night - Germany, Walpurgis Night - Sweden and Finland, Walpurgis Night - References in modern culture

Read more here: » Walpurgis Night: Encyclopedia II - Walpurgis Night - Sweden and Finland

Sami School Board of Sweden, or Sameskolstyrelsen. (Official site) Field of operation: administrative authority for the National Sami schools and other activities belonging to and regulated by the Sami School ordinance. Designed to offer the children of the Samis an education with a Sami focus. Swedish National Agency for Special Schools for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, or Specialskolemyndigheten. (Official site) Field of operation: to give the pupils individually adapted education that corresponds as fa ...

See also:

Government agencies in Sweden, Government agencies in Sweden - Agencies reporting directly to the Riksdag, Government agencies in Sweden - Government agencies reporting to the Ministry of Justice, Government agencies in Sweden - Government agencies reporting to the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Government agencies in Sweden - Government agencies reporting to the Ministry of Defence, Government agencies in Sweden - Government agencies reporting to the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, Government agencies in Sweden - Government agencies reporting to Departments and Divisions of the Ministry of Finance, Government agencies in Sweden - Government agencies reporting to the Ministry of Education and Science, Government agencies in Sweden - Government agencies reporting to the Ministry for Agriculture Food and Fisheries, Government agencies in Sweden - Government agencies reporting to the Ministry of Culture, Government agencies in Sweden - Government agencies reporting to the Ministry of Industry Employment and Communications, Government agencies in Sweden - Remaining ministries

Read more here: » Government agencies in Sweden: Encyclopedia II - Government agencies in Sweden - Government agencies reporting to the Ministry of Education and Science

Uranus - Composition. Uranus is composed primarily of rocks and various ices, with only about 15% hydrogen and a little helium (in contrast to Jupiter and Saturn which are mostly hydrogen). Uranus (like Neptune) is in many ways similar to the cores of Jupiter and Saturn minus the massive liquid metallic hydrogen envelope. It appears that Uranus does not have a rocky core like Jupiter and Saturn but rather that its material is more or less uniformly distributed. Uranus' cyan color is due to the absorption of red light by atmospheric methane. Surface temperature on Uranus's cloud cover is approx ...

See also:

Uranus, Uranus - Physical characteristics, Uranus - Composition, Uranus - Axial tilt, Uranus - Magnetic Field, Uranus - Discovery and naming, Uranus - Planetary rings, Uranus - Natural satellites, Uranus - Visibility, Uranus - Uranus in fiction

Read more here: » Uranus: Encyclopedia II - Uranus - Physical characteristics

In the Hrólf Kraki tradition, Adils (Eadgils) captured and married Yrsa (Yrs), the mother of Hrólf Kraki (Hrothulf). Not long after Hrólf became king, Eadgils requested his assistance against his uncle Áli (Onela). Hrólf sent his twelve companions, led by Bödvar Bjarki (who it is often remarked has similarities with Beowulf), Áli was defeated in the Battle on the Ice and Adils gained the kingdom. But when Adils refused to pay Hrólf's men the expected tributes for their help, Hrólf Kraki set off to Gamla Uppsala. As Adils was away, g ...

See also:

Eadgils, Eadgils - Name, Eadgils - Beowulf, Eadgils - In the Hrólf Kraki traditions and Heimskringla, Eadgils - Archaeology, Eadgils - Gesta Danorum, Eadgils - Primary sources, Eadgils - Secondary sources

Read more here: » Eadgils: Encyclopedia II - Eadgils - In the Hrólf Kraki traditions and Heimskringla

Angantyr's father Arngrim had given him the magic sword Tyrfing, which cut through anything like through cloth, and which killed a man every time it was unsheathed. He was the tallest of the twelve sons of the beserker Arngrim, and he and his eleven brothers spread fear and destruction through the North. One Yule, they were back home on Bolmsö and the next oldest son, Hjörvard, swore that he would win Ingeborg, the daughter of Yngve, the king of Sweden. The twelve brothers departed for Uppsala and Hjorvard proposed to Ingeborg. However, then Hjalmar, one of the Swedish king's champions, stepped forth and clai ...

See also:

Angantyr, Angantyr - Angantyr the Berserker, Angantyr - Angantyr Höfundsson, Angantyr - Angantyr Heidreksson, Angantyr - Source

Read more here: » Angantyr: Encyclopedia II - Angantyr - Angantyr the Berserker

Educational projects at botanical gardens range from introductions to plants that thrive in different environments to practical advice for the home gardener. Many have plant shops, selling flower, herb and vegetable seedlings suitable for transplantation. Some gardens such as the UBC Botanical Garden and Centre for Plant Research and the Chicago Botanical Garden have plant breeding programs and introduce new plants to the horticultural trade. Inside the United States Botanic Garden Inside Kew Gardens Palm HouseSee also:

Botanical garden, Botanical garden - Research, Botanical garden - Educational work, Botanical garden - History

Read more here: » Botanical garden: Encyclopedia II - Botanical garden - Educational work

Very few facts are known about the real causes for Henry's death, but the incident is full of the hallmarks of legend. A folk poem from the 13th century called the "Piispa Henrikin surmavirsi" (The death-psalm of Bishop Henry) written in the same manner as the Kalevala has survived. In the most well-known legend, Lalli's wife Kerttu alleged to him that upon leaving the manor, their ungrateful guest had without permission or recompense through violence taken food for himself and hay for his horse. This is supposed to have ...

See also:

Bishop Henry, Bishop Henry - The Legend, Bishop Henry - Heavenly retribution, Bishop Henry - Political use of the legend

Read more here: » Bishop Henry: Encyclopedia II - Bishop Henry - The Legend