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value | A Wisdom Archive on value | | value A selection of articles related to value | |
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value, Value, Value - Computer science, Value - Economics, Value - Law, Value - Marketing, Value - Mathematics, Value - Personal and cultural values, Anthropological theories of value, Fair value for more general discussions of economic value., Moral character
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO value | | | | |  value: Encyclopedia II - Constant capital - MeasurementConstant capital can be measured as a stock magnitude, i.e., the total value of means of production in use at a specific point in time. It can also be measured as a flow magnitude, i.e., the total value of raw materials and fixed means of production used up in an accounting period. Which measure is used depends on the purposes and assumptions of one's analysis, for example whether one is interested in the unit-costs of outp ...
See also:Constant capital, Constant capital - Measurement, Constant capital - Why constant?, Constant capital - Variable capital, Constant capital - Criticism, Constant capital - Marxist response, Constant capital - Value and price, Constant capital - The fetish of capital, Constant capital - Different capital compositions Read more here: » Constant capital: Encyclopedia II - Constant capital - Measurement |
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| | | | | | | value: Encyclopedia II - List of paradoxes - Logical except mathematical
List of paradoxes - Semantic paradoxes.
These form a well-known (and well-studied) class having in common that any permissible assignment of semantic value (truth, reference) to an expression immediately implies the assignment of a different value.
Berry paradox: What is "The first number not nameable in under ten words"? (And has it not just been named in nine?)
Curry's paradox: "If this sentence is true, the world will end in a week."
Epimenides paradox: A Cretan says "All Cretans ...
See also:List of paradoxes, List of paradoxes - Logical except mathematical, List of paradoxes - Semantic paradoxes, List of paradoxes - Vagueness, List of paradoxes - Mathematical and statistical, List of paradoxes - Infinity, List of paradoxes - Geometry and topology, List of paradoxes - Psychological and rational, List of paradoxes - Physical, List of paradoxes - Philosophical, List of paradoxes - Economic Read more here: » List of paradoxes: Encyclopedia II - List of paradoxes - Logical except mathematical |
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| | | | | | | | value: Encyclopedia II - Capitalism - Characteristics of capitalist economies A set of broad characteristics are generally agreed on by both advocates and critics of capitalism. These are a private sector, private property, free enterprise, profit, unequal distribution of wealth, competition, self-organization (or catallaxy), the existence of markets (including the labor market) and the pursuit of self-interest.
An economy with a large amount of intervention - which may include state ownership of some of the means of production - in combination with some free market characteristics is sometimes referred ...
See also:Capitalism, Capitalism - Etymology, Capitalism - Capitalist theory, Capitalism - Contrasts with capitalism, Capitalism - History of capitalism, Capitalism - Capitalism as a theory, Capitalism - Capitalism as a practice, Capitalism - Characteristics of capitalist economies, Capitalism - Private ownership of the means of production, Capitalism - Free market, Capitalism - Profit, Capitalism - Self interest, Capitalism - Private enterprise, Capitalism - Economic growth, Capitalism - Economic mobility, Capitalism - Self-organization, Capitalism - Indices of economic freedom, Capitalism - Which economies are capitalist?, Capitalism - Criticisms of capitalism, Capitalism - Unequal distribution of wealth and income, Capitalism - Employment/unemployment, Capitalism - Marxist critique of capitalism, Capitalism - Capitalism in decline or on the rise?, Capitalism - Sustainability, Capitalism - Human rights violations imperialism and democracy, Capitalism - Notes Read more here: » Capitalism: Encyclopedia II - Capitalism - Characteristics of capitalist economies |
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| | | | | value: Encyclopedia II - Function mathematics - Introduction The modern idea of a mathematical function was introduced by Leibniz, and the associated notation y = f(x) was invented by Leonhard Euler, in the 18th century. But the intuitive idea of a function as any rule or procedure that assigns an output to each given input proved to be naive. Joseph Fourier, for example, claimed that every function had a Fourier series, something no mathematician would claim today. The concept of a function was not put on a rigorous basis u ...
See also:Function mathematics, Function mathematics - Introduction, Function mathematics - Functions of more than one variable, Function mathematics - History, Function mathematics - Formal definition, Function mathematics - Domains codomains and ranges, Function mathematics - Injective surjective and bijective functions, Function mathematics - Images and preimages, Function mathematics - Graph of a function, Function mathematics - Examples of functions, Function mathematics - Properties of functions, Function mathematics - Ambiguous functions, Function mathematics - n-ary function: function of several variables, Function mathematics - Composing functions, Function mathematics - Inverse function, Function mathematics - Restrictions and extensions, Function mathematics - Pointwise operations, Function mathematics - Computable and non-computable functions, Function mathematics - Functions from the categorical viewpoint Read more here: » Function mathematics: Encyclopedia II - Function mathematics - Introduction |
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| | | | | | value: Encyclopedia II - Međimurje County - Physical characteristics The county covers the plains between the rivers of Mura and Drava, (Mur and Drau in German), both of which occasionally flood and frequently change their paths. The Mura divides Croatia from Slovenia (Prekmurje) and also from another administrative entity, Varaždinska županija, just to the south. The county's elevation ranges between 120 m and Mohokos's 344 m above sea level. In the Upper Medjimurje, in the west, the Mura changes its course, moving it in terms of geology slowly toward the north. There were occasional earthquakes her ...
See also:Međimurje County, Međimurje County - Physical characteristics, Međimurje County - People municipalities language cuisine, Međimurje County - Administrative division, Međimurje County - County government, Međimurje County - Communication and transport, Međimurje County - Business and economy, Međimurje County - Resources, Međimurje County - History, Međimurje County - Miscellaneous, Međimurje County - Local notable people Read more here: » Međimurje County: Encyclopedia II - Međimurje County - Physical characteristics |
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| | | | | | | value: Encyclopedia II - Resource Description Framework - Examples
Resource Description Framework - Example 1: The postal abbreviation for New York.
Certain concepts in RDF are taken from logic and linguistics, where subject-predicate and subject-predicate-object structures have meanings similar to, yet distinct from, the uses of those terms in RDF. This example demonstrates:
In the English language statement 'New York has a postal abbreviation which is NY' , 'New York' would be the subject, 'postal ...
See also:Resource Description Framework, Resource Description Framework - History, Resource Description Framework - Ontologies, Resource Description Framework - Query and inference languages, Resource Description Framework - Resource identification, Resource Description Framework - Examples, Resource Description Framework - Example 1: The postal abbreviation for New York, Resource Description Framework - Statement reification and context, Resource Description Framework - Applications Read more here: » Resource Description Framework: Encyclopedia II - Resource Description Framework - Examples |
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| | | | | | value: Encyclopedia II - Reference computer science - Language support In assembly languages, the first languages used, it is typical to express references using either raw memory addresses or indexes into tables. These work, but are somewhat tricky to use, because an address tells you nothing about the value it points to, not even how large it is or how to interpret it; such information is encoded in the program logic. The result is that misinterpretations can occur in incorrect programs, causing bewildering errors.
One of the earliest opaque references was that of the Lisp cons cell, which is simply a ...
See also:Reference computer science, Reference computer science - Address analogy, Reference computer science - Benefits of references, Reference computer science - Formal representation, Reference computer science - External and internal storage, Reference computer science - Language support, Reference computer science - Fortran, Reference computer science - Functional languages Read more here: » Reference computer science: Encyclopedia II - Reference computer science - Language support |
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| | | | | value: Encyclopedia II - Network effect - Examples
Network effect - Software.
There are very strong network effects operating in the market for widely-used computer software.
Take for example Microsoft Office. For many people choosing an office suite, prime considerations include how valuable having learned that office suite will prove to potential employers, and how well the software interoperates with other users. That is, since learning to use an office suite takes many hours, they want to invest that time learning the office suite that will make them most attractive to potential employers (or consulting clients, etc), and th ...
See also:Network effect, Network effect - Network effect business models, Network effect - Examples, Network effect - Software, Network effect - Websites, Network effect - Network effects and technology lifecycle Read more here: » Network effect: Encyclopedia II - Network effect - Examples |
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| | | | | value: Encyclopedia II - Financial markets - Raising capital To understand financial markets, let us look at what they are used for, i.e. what is their purpose?
Without financial markets, borrowers would have difficulty finding lenders themselves. Intermediaries such as banks help in this process. Banks take deposits from those who have money to save. They can then lend money from this pool of deposited money to those who seek to borrow. Banks popularly lend money in the form of loans and mortgages.
More complex transactions than a simple bank deposit require markets where lenders and th ...
See also:Financial markets, Financial markets - Definition, Financial markets - Types of financial markets, Financial markets - Raising capital, Financial markets - Lenders, Financial markets - Borrowers, Financial markets - Derivative products, Financial markets - Currency markets, Financial markets - Financial markets in popular culture, Financial markets - Financial markets slang Read more here: » Financial markets: Encyclopedia II - Financial markets - Raising capital |
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| | | | | value: Encyclopedia II - David Gauthier - Morals by Agreement Gauthier links morality to reason, and reason to practical reason, and practical reason to interest, which he identifies with "individual utility". He means subjective utility rather than objective utility as it figures in, say, David Brink's list of objective requirements for a good human life. And he means expected utility of an act's possible outcomes as exclusive of symbolic utility of the act itself, as in Robert Nozick's decision-value alternative to the s ...
See also:David Gauthier, David Gauthier - Biography, David Gauthier - Contribution to political and moral philosophy, David Gauthier - Morals by Agreement, David Gauthier - Bibliography, David Gauthier - Works by Gauthier, David Gauthier - Selected secondary literature Read more here: » David Gauthier: Encyclopedia II - David Gauthier - Morals by Agreement |
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