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value | A Wisdom Archive on value | | value A selection of articles related to value | |
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value, Value, Value - Computer science, Value - Economics, Value - Law, Value - Marketing, Value - Mathematics, Value - Personal and cultural values, Anthropological theories of value, Fair value for more general discussions of economic value., Moral character
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO value | | | |  value: Encyclopedia II - Exergy - ApplicationsFrom equation (1),
This expression applies equally well for theoretical ideals in a wide variety of applications: electrolysis (G<0), galvanic cells and fuel cells (G>0), explosives (A>0), heating and refrigeration (exchange of H), motors (U<0) and generators (U>0).
Utilization of the exergy concept often requires careful consideration of the choice of reference environment because, as Carnot knew, unlimited reservoirs do not exist in the real world. ...
See also:Exergy, Exergy - History, Exergy - Carnot and others, Exergy - Gibbs, Exergy - Mathematical description, Exergy - An application of the second law of thermodynamics, Exergy - A historical and cultural tangent, Exergy - A potential for every thermodynamic situation, Exergy - Applications, Exergy - Engineering applications, Exergy - Applications in natural resource utilization, Exergy - Applications in sustainability, Exergy - Assigning one thermodynamically obtained value to an economic good, Exergy - Implications in the development of complex physical systems, Exergy - Philosophical and cosmological implications, Exergy - Comparison of energy and exergy, Exergy - Exergy is highly multidisciplinary, Exergy - Quality of energy types, Exergy - Exergy of heat available at a temperature, Exergy - See Also Read more here: » Exergy: Encyclopedia II - Exergy - Applications |
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| | | | | value: Encyclopedia II - Financial analysis - Methods Financial analysts, among other tasks, use to compare financial ratios (of solvency, profitability, growth...)
between several periods (the last 5 years for example)
and between similar firms.
Those ratios are calculated by dividing a (group of) account balance(s), taken from the balance sheet and / or the income statement, by another, for example :
Net profit / equity = return on equity
Gross profit / balance sheet total = return on assets
Stock pri ...
See also:Financial analysis, Financial analysis - Goals, Financial analysis - Methods, Financial analysis - Ratios Read more here: » Financial analysis: Encyclopedia II - Financial analysis - Methods |
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| | | | | value: Encyclopedia II - Exchange value - Exchange value and the transformation of values into prices In volumes I and II of Capital, Marx usually assumed that exchange values were equal to values, and that prices were proportional to values. He was talking about overall movements and broad averages, and his interest was in the social relations of production existing behind economic exchange. However, he was quite conscious of the distinction between the empirical and microeconomic concept of prices (or exchange values) and the social concept of v ...
See also:Exchange value, Exchange value - Exchange value and price according to Marx, Exchange value - Exchange value and commodification, Exchange value - Marx's quote on commodities and their exchange, Exchange value - Exchange value and the transformation of values into prices, Exchange value - Criticism of Marx's interpretation of commodity exchange, Exchange value - Other theories of exchange value Read more here: » Exchange value: Encyclopedia II - Exchange value - Exchange value and the transformation of values into prices |
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| | | | | value: Encyclopedia II - Goodness and value theory - Theories of the good A correct definition of goodness would be valuable because it might allow one to construct a good life or society by reliable processes of deduction, elaboration or prioritisation. One could answer the ancient question, "How then should we live?", among many other important questions.
Goodness and value theory - Goodness as an objective property.
One attempt to define goodness describes it as a property of the world. According to this perspective, to talk about a good is to talk about something with ...
See also:Goodness and value theory, Goodness and value theory - Descriptive Meta-Ethical and Normative fields, Goodness and value theory - Types of the good, Goodness and value theory - Moral natural and economic goods, Goodness and value theory - Intrinsic and instrumental goods, Goodness and value theory - Contributory intrinsic and inherent goods, Goodness and value theory - Kant: hypothetical and categorical goods, Goodness and value theory - Meta-ethical foundations, Goodness and value theory - Moral Cognitivism, Goodness and value theory - Non-cognitivism, Goodness and value theory - Quasi-Absolutism, Goodness and value theory - Moral Nihilism, Goodness and value theory - Theories of the good, Goodness and value theory - Goodness as an objective property, Goodness and value theory - Goodness as subjective/evaluative, Goodness and value theory - Choice optimization theory, Goodness and value theory - Conceptual metaphor theorists, Goodness and value theory - Objects of the good, Goodness and value theory - The value of plenty and scarcity, Goodness and value theory - The value of fairness, Goodness and value theory - The value of labor, Goodness and value theory - The value of the old and the new, Goodness and value theory - Meta-Ethics and Inherent values, Goodness and value theory - Values pluralism and the grading of values, Goodness and value theory - Values monism and alternatives to hedonism, Goodness and value theory - Skeptical worries Read more here: » Goodness and value theory: Encyclopedia II - Goodness and value theory - Theories of the good |
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| | | | | value: Encyclopedia II - Money - Money supply The money supply is the amount of money available within a specific economy available for purchasing goods or services. The supply is usually considered as four escalating categories M0, M1, M2 and M3. The categories grow in size with M3 representing all forms of money (including credit) and M0 being just base money (coins, bills, and central bank deposits). M0 is also money that can satisfy private banks' reserve requirements. In the United States, the Federal Reserve is responsible for controlling the mo ...
See also:Money, Money - Essential characteristics of money, Money - Credit as money, Money - Desirable features of money, Money - Modern forms of money, Money - Money and economics, Money - History of money, Money - Private currencies, Money - Money supply, Money - Growing the money supply, Money - Shrinking the money supply M3 Read more here: » Money: Encyclopedia II - Money - Money supply |
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| | | | | value: Encyclopedia II - Economics - Definitions of economics Broadly speaking, economics is a social science, and its area of study is human activity involved in meeting needs and wants. However, beyond this there are a range of definitions, past and present which have been applied, first to the term political economy and then to the modern term economics. John Maynard Keynes once remarked that "Economics is the science of thinking." Broadly the history of the study moved from the study of "wealth" to "welfare" to the idea studying trade-offs.
< ...
See also:Economics, Economics - Definitions of economics, Economics - Wealth definition, Economics - Welfare definition, Economics - Scarcity definition, Economics - Areas of study in economics, Economics - Economic assumptions, Economics - Supply and demand, Economics - Price, Economics - Scarcity, Economics - Marginalism, Economics - Value, Economics - Economic language and reasoning, Economics - Development of economic thought, Economics - Schools of economic thought, Economics - Modern 'mainstream' economics, Economics - Neoclassical economics, Economics - Post-Keynesian economics, Economics - New-Keynesian economics, Economics - Other alternatives, Economics - Economics and other disciplines Read more here: » Economics: Encyclopedia II - Economics - Definitions of economics |
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| | | | | | | value: Encyclopedia II - History of philosophy - Western Philosophy See article History of Western philosophy
Western philosophy has a long history. Conventionally divided into three large eras - the Ancient, Medieval and Modern. The Ancient era runs through the fall of Rome and includes the Greek philosophers such as Plato. The Medieval period runs until roughly the late 1400s and the Renaissance. The "Modern" is a word with more varied use, which includes everything from Post-Medieval through the specific period up to the 20th century. Contemporary philosophy encompasses the philosophical developements of the 20th century up to the present day.
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See also:History of philosophy, History of philosophy - Western Philosophy, History of philosophy - Ancient philosophy, History of philosophy - Medieval philosophy, History of philosophy - Modern philosophy, History of philosophy - Contemporary philosophy, History of philosophy - Eastern philosophy, History of philosophy - Buddhist philosophy, History of philosophy - Chinese philosophy, History of philosophy - Hindu philosophy, History of philosophy - Abrahamic philosophy, History of philosophy - Jewish philosophy, History of philosophy - Christian philosophy, History of philosophy - Islamic philosophy Read more here: » History of philosophy: Encyclopedia II - History of philosophy - Western Philosophy |
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| | | | | | value: Encyclopedia II - Cognitive dissonance - Origins and the experiment In Festinger and Carlsmith's classic 1959 experiment, students were made to perform tedious and meaningless tasks, consisting of turning pegs quarter-turns, then removing them from a board, then putting them back in, and so forth. Subjects rated these tasks very negatively. After a long period of doing this, students were told the experiment was over and they could leave.
However, the experimenter then asked the subject for a small favor. They were told that a needed research assistant was not able to make it to the experiment, and th ...
See also:Cognitive dissonance, Cognitive dissonance - Origins and the experiment, Cognitive dissonance - Conflicting cognitions: cognitive dissonance, Cognitive dissonance - Two kinds of dissonance, Cognitive dissonance - Further propositions by Festinger Read more here: » Cognitive dissonance: Encyclopedia II - Cognitive dissonance - Origins and the experiment |
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| | | | | | value: Encyclopedia II - Public good - Possible solutions to the free rider problem
Public good - Dominant assurance contracts.
Assurance contracts are contracts in which participants make a binding pledge to contribute to a contract for building a public good, contingent on a quorum of a predetermined size being reached. Otherwise their money is refunded. A dominant assurance contract is a variation in which an entrepreneur creates the contract and refunds the initial pledge plus an additional sum of money if the quorum is not reached. In game theory terms this makes pledging to build the public good a dominant strategy: the ...
See also:Public good, Public good - Examples of public goods, Public good - Subtypes of public goods, Public good - Global public good, Public good - The free rider problem, Public good - Possible solutions to the free rider problem, Public good - Dominant assurance contracts, Public good - Coasian solution, Public good - Government provision, Public good - Subsidies, Public good - Privileged group, Public good - Merging of free riders, Public good - Legislated exclusion, Public good - Non-individualism, Public good - Efficient production levels of public goods, Public good - Criticism of public goods theory, Public good - Empirical discrepancies with public goods theory, Public good - Subjective value criticisms, Public good - Assumptions regarding government provision, Public good - Normative criticism, Public good - External sources Read more here: » Public good: Encyclopedia II - Public good - Possible solutions to the free rider problem |
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| | | | | | | | | value: Encyclopedia II - Public good - Possible solutions to the free rider problem
Public good - Dominant assurance contracts.
Assurance contracts are contracts in which participants make a binding pledge to contribute to a contract for building a public good, contingent on a quorum of a predetermined size being reached. Otherwise their money is refunded. A dominant assurance contract is a variation in which an entrepreneur creates the contract and refunds the initial pledge plus an additional sum of money if the quorum is not reached. In game theory terms this makes pledging to build the public good a dominant strategy: the ...
See also:Public good, Public good - Examples of public goods, Public good - Subtypes of public goods, Public good - The free rider problem, Public good - Possible solutions to the free rider problem, Public good - Dominant assurance contracts, Public good - Coasian solution, Public good - Government provision, Public good - Subsidies, Public good - Privileged group, Public good - Merging of free riders, Public good - Legislated exclusion, Public good - Non-individualism, Public good - Efficient production levels of public goods, Public good - Criticism of public goods theory, Public good - Empirical discrepancies with public goods theory, Public good - Subjective value criticisms, Public good - Assumptions regarding government provision, Public good - Normative criticism, Public good - External sources Read more here: » Public good: Encyclopedia II - Public good - Possible solutions to the free rider problem |
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| | | | | value: Encyclopedia II - Calculus - Differential calculus The derivative measures the sensitivity of one variable to small changes in another variable. Consider the formula:
for an object moving at constant speed. The speed of a car, as measured by the speedometer, is the derivative of the car's distance traveled, as measured by the odometer, as a function of time. Calculus is a mathematical tool for dealing with this complex but natural and familiar situation.
Differential calculus can be used to determine the instantaneous speed at any given instant, while the f ...
See also:Calculus, Calculus - Differential calculus, Calculus - Integral calculus, Calculus - Foundations, Calculus - Fundamental theorem of calculus, Calculus - Applications, Calculus - History, Calculus - Footnotes Read more here: » Calculus: Encyclopedia II - Calculus - Differential calculus |
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| | | | | | value: Encyclopedia II - Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks - Parmenides Many of Parmenides's qualities were the direct opposite of Heraclitus. Heraclitus grasped his truths through intuition. He saw and knew the world of Becoming. Parmenides, however, arrived at his truths through pure logic. He calculated and deduced his doctrine of Being.
Parmenides had an early doctrine and a later, different, teaching. Nietzsche claimed that Parmenides's two ways of thinking not only divided his own life into two periods but also separated all pre-Socratic thinking into two halves. The earlier way was the Anaximandrea ...
See also:Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks, Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks - Early preface, Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks - Later preface, Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks - A justification of philosophy, Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks - Thales, Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks - Anaximander, Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks - Heraclitus, Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks - Parmenides, Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks - Anaxagoras Read more here: » Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks: Encyclopedia II - Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks - Parmenides |
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| | | | | value: Encyclopedia II - C++ - Syntax
C++ - Features introduced in C++.
Compared to the C language, C++ introduced extra features, including declarations as statements, function-like casts, new/delete, bool, reference types, inline functions, default arguments, function overloading, namespaces, classes (including all class-related features such as inheritance, member functions, virtual functions, abstract classes, and constructors), operator overloading, templates, the :: operator, exception handling, and ...
See also:C++, C++ - History, C++ - Future development, C++ - The name C++, C++ - Philosophy, C++ - Syntax, C++ - Features introduced in C++, C++ - Sample code, C++ - Objects, C++ - Standard Library, C++ - Incompatibility with C Read more here: » C++: Encyclopedia II - C++ - Syntax |
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