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value | A Wisdom Archive on value | | value A selection of articles related to value | |
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value, Value, Value - Computer science, Value - Economics, Value - Law, Value - Marketing, Value - Mathematics, Value - Personal and cultural values, Anthropological theories of value, Fair value for more general discussions of economic value., Moral character
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO value | | | | |  value: Encyclopedia II - Wealth - Other concepts of wealth
Wealth - Global wealth.
Michel Foucault commented that the concept of Man as an aggregate did not exist before the 18th century. The shift from the analysis of an individual's wealth to the concept of an aggregation of all men is implied in the concepts of political economy and then economics. This transition took place as a result of a cultural bias inherent in the Enlightenment. Wealth was seen as an objective fact of living as a human being in a society.
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See also:Wealth, Wealth - Wealth and poverty, Wealth - The anthropological view of wealth, Wealth - A rudimentary notion of wealth, Wealth - The interpersonal concept of wealth, Wealth - Wealth as the accumulation of non-necessities, Wealth - Wealth as control of arable land, Wealth - The capitalist notion of wealth, Wealth - Other concepts of wealth, Wealth - Global wealth, Wealth - Not a zero-sum game, Wealth - The non-normative concept of wealth, Wealth - Non financial wealth, Wealth - Wealth as time, Wealth - Sustainable Wealth, Wealth - Wealth Redefined Individualistically, Wealth - The creation of wealth, Wealth - The limits to wealth creation, Wealth - The distribution of wealth, Wealth - Wealth in the form of land, Wealth - Books Read more here: » Wealth: Encyclopedia II - Wealth - Other concepts of wealth |
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| | | | | | | value: Encyclopedia II - Use value - Origin and definition These four concepts (value, use value, exchange value and price) have a very long history in economic and philosophical thought, from Aristotle to Adam Smith, and their meanings evolved. Marx comments for example that "in English writers of the 17th century we frequently find worth in the sense of value in use, and value in the sense of exchange-value." With the expansion of market economy, however, the focus of economists has increasingly been on prices and price-relations, the social process of exchange as suc ...
See also:Use value, Use value - Origin and definition, Use value - Transformation into a commodity, Use value - The role of use value in political economy, Use value - Use value and utility, Use value - Indifferent to use value? Read more here: » Use value: Encyclopedia II - Use value - Origin and definition |
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| | | | | | | value: Encyclopedia II - Ultima Online - Issues Faced Ultima Online has seen many major revisions throughout its history. This includes game-play revisions, staff changes, technical revamps, and even fundamental design changes. With few earlier MMORPGs to take lesson from, the staff behind UO was breaking new ground and had to solve complex issues that had never been faced in a commercial game on such a wide scale before. The importance of understanding psychology, social interaction, economy, and such became increasingly ...
See also:Ultima Online, Ultima Online - Overview, Ultima Online - Issues Faced, Ultima Online - Griefing, Ultima Online - Housing, Ultima Online - Economy, Ultima Online - Bugs, Ultima Online - Expansions and Sequels, Ultima Online - Sequels, Ultima Online - Expansions, Ultima Online - Shard emulation, Ultima Online - Legal Issues, Ultima Online - Notable UO Server Emulators, Ultima Online - Emulation Information, Ultima Online - Clients, Ultima Online - Official clients, Ultima Online - Third-party clients Read more here: » Ultima Online: Encyclopedia II - Ultima Online - Issues Faced |
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| | | | | value: Encyclopedia II - Surplus value - Five measures of the rate of surplus value According to Marx's theory of exploitation, living labour at an adequate level of productivity is able to create and conserve more value than it costs the employer to buy; which is exactly the economic reason why the employer buys it, i.e. to preserve and augment the value of the capital at his command. Thus, the surplus-labour is unpaid labour appropriated by employers in the form of work-time and outputs, on the basis that employers own and supply the means of production worked with. The commercial function of la ...
See also:Surplus value, Surplus value - Definition of surplus value, Surplus value - Five interpretations of surplus value, Surplus value - Five measures of the rate of surplus value, Surplus value - Complicating factors in assessing surplus value, Surplus value - Origin of the forms of surplus-value in trade, Surplus value - Appropriation of surplus-value from production, Surplus value - Absolute and relative surplus value, Surplus value - Production versus realisation of surplus-value, Surplus value - The significance of the mass of surplus value, Surplus value - Surplus value and taxation, Surplus value - Surplus value and the circuits of capital, Surplus value - Measurement of surplus value, Surplus value - Different concepts of surplus, Surplus value - Criticism of Marx's concept, Surplus value - The moral and power dimension of surplus value Read more here: » Surplus value: Encyclopedia II - Surplus value - Five measures of the rate of surplus value |
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| | | | | value: Encyclopedia II - Tom Regan - Animal rights In The Case for Animal Rights, Regan argues that non-human animals are the bearers of moral rights. His philosophy lies broadly within the tradition of Immanuel Kant, though he rejects Kant's idea that respect is due only to rational beings. Regan points out that we routinely ascribe inherent value, and thus the right to be treated with respect, to humans who are not rational, including infants and the severely mentally impaired.
The crucial attribute that all humans have in common, he argues, is not rationality, but the fact t ...
See also:Tom Regan, Tom Regan - Background, Tom Regan - Animal rights, Tom Regan - Works Read more here: » Tom Regan: Encyclopedia II - Tom Regan - Animal rights |
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| | | | | value: Encyclopedia II - Sunset Park Brooklyn - Brief history and overview
Sunset Park Brooklyn - Early years.
In the heyday of the New York Harbor's dominance of North American shipping during the 19th century, Sunset Park grew rapidly, largely as a result of Irish, Polish, and Norwegian immigrant families moving to the area. The neighborhood grew up around the Bush Terminal, a model industrial park completed in 1895, and continued to grow through World War II, when the Brooklyn Army Terminal employed more tha ...
See also:Sunset Park Brooklyn, Sunset Park Brooklyn - Brief history and overview, Sunset Park Brooklyn - Early years, Sunset Park Brooklyn - Rebirth, Sunset Park Brooklyn - Brooklyn Chinatown, Sunset Park Brooklyn - In between, Sunset Park Brooklyn - Demographics, Sunset Park Brooklyn - Transportation, Sunset Park Brooklyn - In film Read more here: » Sunset Park Brooklyn: Encyclopedia II - Sunset Park Brooklyn - Brief history and overview |
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| | | | | value: Encyclopedia II - Variable - Computer programming In programming languages, a variable can be thought of as a place to store a value in computer memory.
More precisely, a variable binds (associates) a name (sometimes called an identifier) with the location; a value in turn is stored as a data object in that location so that the object can be accessed later via the variable, much like refering to someone by name. Variables in computer programming are analogous to variables in mathematics. Put in another way, an object could exist without being bound to a variable, but without such a referent, it would be inaccessible from code.
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See also:Variable, Variable - General overview, Variable - Why are variables useful?, Variable - Computer programming, Variable - Variables names, Variable - Scope and extent, Variable - Typed and untyped variables, Variable - Parameters, Variable - Memory allocation, Variable - Mutable vs. immutable, Variable - Constants, Variable - External link Read more here: » Variable: Encyclopedia II - Variable - Computer programming |
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| | | | | value: Encyclopedia II - Money - Money supply Main article: Money supply
The money supply is the amount of money available within a specific economy available for purchasing goods or services. The supply is usually considered as four escalating categories M0, M1, M2 and M3. The categories grow in size with M3 representing all forms of money (including credit) and M0 being just base money (coins, bills, and central bank deposits). M0 is also money that can satisfy private banks' reserve requirements. In the United States, the Federal Reserve is responsible for controlling the money supply (monetary policy).
Mo ...
See also:Money, Money - Essential characteristics of money, Money - Credit as money, Money - Desirable features of money, Money - Modern forms of money, Money - Money and economics, Money - History of money, Money - Private currencies, Money - Money supply, Money - Growing the money supply, Money - Shrinking the money supply M3 Read more here: » Money: Encyclopedia II - Money - Money supply |
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| | | | | | value: Encyclopedia II - Austrian School - History Classical economics focused on the exchange theory of value. In late 19th century, however, there was a focus on the concept of the "marginal" cost and value. (See Marginalism). Carl Menger's 1871 book, Principles of Economics, is considered one of the crucial works that began the period known as neoclassical economics. While marginalism was generally influential, there was also a more specific school that grew up around Menger, which came to be known as the "Vienna School" or "Austrian School". Austrian economics is currently closely ...
See also:Austrian School, Austrian School - History, Austrian School - Analytical framework, Austrian School - Contributions, Austrian School - Major Austrian economists, Austrian School - Other related economists, Austrian School - Critics, Austrian School - Seminal works Read more here: » Austrian School: Encyclopedia II - Austrian School - History |
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| | | | | | | value: Encyclopedia II - Corporate finance - Capital investment decisions Longer term Corporate finance decisions - generally relating to fixed assets and capital structure - are referred to as Capital investment decisions. The decision here will be based on several inter-related criteria. In general, management must "maximize the value of the firm" by investing in projects which are NPV positive, when valued using an appropriate discount rate; these projects must also be financed appropriately. If ...
See also:Corporate finance, Corporate finance - Capital investment decisions, Corporate finance - The investment decision, Corporate finance - The financing decision, Corporate finance - The dividend decision, Corporate finance - Working capital management, Corporate finance - Decision criteria, Corporate finance - Management of working capital, Corporate finance - Financial risk management, Corporate finance - Relationship with other areas in finance Read more here: » Corporate finance: Encyclopedia II - Corporate finance - Capital investment decisions |
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| | | | | value: Encyclopedia II - Human - Biology
Human - Anatomy and physiology.
Main articles: Human anatomy, Human physical appearance, and Human height
Human body types varies substantially, with many individuals diverging significantly from the mean height and weight. Some of this variation is caused by locality and historical factors. Although body size is largely determined by genes, it is also significantly influenced by diet and exercise. The mean height of a North American adult female is 162 ce ...
See also:Human, Human - Terminology, Human - Biology, Human - Anatomy and physiology, Human - Life cycle, Human - Genetics, Human - Race and ethnicity, Human - Habitat, Human - Food and drink, Human - Population, Human - Evolution, Human - Intelligence, Human - Culture, Human - Origins, Human - Emotion and sexuality, Human - Language, Human - Music, Human - Government politics and the state, Human - Trade and economics, Human - War, Human - Artifacts science and technology, Human - Body image, Human - Mind, Human - Psychology and human ethology, Human - Philosophy, Human - Motivation, Human - Self-reflection and humanism, Human - Spirit Read more here: » Human: Encyclopedia II - Human - Biology |
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| | | | | value: Encyclopedia II - Western philosophy - Western philosophical subdisciplines Philosophical inquiry is often divided into several major "branches" based on the questions typically addressed by people working in different parts of the field. In the ancient world, the most influential division of the subject was the Stoics' division of philosophy into Logic, Ethics, and Physics (conceived as the study of the nature of the world, and including both natural science and metaphysics). In contemporary philosophy, specialties within the field are more commonly divided into metaphysics, epistemology, ethics and aestheti ...
See also:Western philosophy, Western philosophy - Origins, Western philosophy - Western philosophical subdisciplines, Western philosophy - Philosophy contrasted with other disciplines Read more here: » Western philosophy: Encyclopedia II - Western philosophy - Western philosophical subdisciplines |
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